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What does it mean? The term “Gothic” was used by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 (the father of art history) He lived at the height of the Renaissance He used it to describe late medieval art/architecture It was meant to be derisive He thought that Gothic art was monstrous and barbarous, invented by the Goths- the barbarians

When did it happen? 1140-1500 The dates are not exact and this style was the not rule everywhere It mostly existed in France, England, Germany and Northern Italy

L IGHT HE GHT The power and influence of the church had reached extreme heights and so to reflect that power and devotion the churches were designed and build the reflect the greatness of God and stood as symbols of the local communities devotion Communities strove for higher and higher buildings, and to solve the issues of light made many innovations in building in order to flood interiors with “Heavenly” light.

What was the world like during the Gothic Era? War The Black Plague The Hundred Year War 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. ¼- 1/3 of the population of Europe died as a result The Great Schism a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. Two men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414–1418). The simultaneous claims to the papal chair of two different men hurt the reputation of the office.

Anything else happen? The centers of religious/intellectual life shifted from the monasteries to the cities. Catholic Church was at the height of its power Modern nations begin to take shape

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSAEeu4hr0c

Gothic Architecture Flying buttress Rib Vault Clerestory Triforium Aisle Nave Gothic Architecture

St. Denis France Early Gothic 1144 First gothic building -Abbot Suger, the patron, wanted light filtered by stained glass to saturate the inside of the building -Rib vaults start at the ceiling and travel down to the capitals, the columns are round and unarticulated -Pointed arches -Moves away from the demarcation of spaces in the Romanesque period and embraces a more organic feel, which creates a continuous space as the spaces flow into each other. -minimizes mass and weight on the interior

"The dull mind rises to truth through that which is material "The dull mind rises to truth through that which is material."  -Abbot Suger Suger believed that art is made for the honor of God and the saints In addition, Suger felt that there is a reciprocal relationship between the celestial and the terrestrial in art.  Essentially, the theory is based on the idea of returning to God a part of what God has already given (thus, through the use of precious materials, stone, etc; the materials themselves possess sacred virtues).  Suger supported the idea that a material representation had the ability to raise one's senses to a vision of the eternal ideal, "urging us onward from the material to the immaterial"

Early Gothic-Abbot Suger the spiritual nature of light. The lightening of the structure allowed for larger stained glass windows to flood the interior with mystical light. New architectural innovations Flying buttress Pointed arch Stain Glass Rib vaults Rectangular bays

Notre-Dame de Paris Paris France Early Gothic 1180-1200 -Flying buttresses first used on a large scale here -early gothic building; rib vaults start at the ceiling and go down as far as the capitals on the columns -Sexparte or six part vaults -Vaults span two bays -Façade First floor portal sculpture Second floor a “king's” gallery with 28 kings from the Old Testament Third floor rose window 30 feet across Fourth floor hanging space for bells (and hunchbacks ☺) Fifth floor bell towers

60. Chartres Cathedral Chartres France Gothic 1145-1155 CE Limestone, stained glass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8QRG-Xc6oU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN5XRW7T0cc&t=66s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAtQB9wLkUA

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Rose Window from Chartres Cathedral Gothic 1200 CE -Commissioned by Blanche of Castile - the fleur-de-lis is a reference to the French crown - an excellent example of Lux nova -the rich light of God shines through the stories of the bible and touches you with its warmth both spiritually and physically

Virgin and Child and Angels Chartres Cathedral Gothic 1170 Early piece that survived the fire of 1190 and was reused in the refurbished cathedral. Mary is beautiful, worldly queen of Heaven Above her is the Dove of the Holy Spirit it is the Opposite of Byzantine mosaics- which reflect light (glass transmits light)

62. Röttgen Pietà, Late Medieval 1300-1325 Painted wood

62. Röttgen Pietà, Late Medieval 1300-1325 Painted wood The suffering of the 14th century (plague, famine, social strife) seen in this piece As you suffer so did Christ: suffering is holy Christ is distorted, emaciated, bleeding, terribly wounded Mary is expressed through her oversized face which allows the viewer to feel her grief all the more Relates to a more “humanized” audience Meant to be viewed privately

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsjl4aE2VkA

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61. Scenes from the Apocalypse from the Paris-Oxford-London Bible Moralisee Gothic 1225 Illuminated manuscript

61. Dedication page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France from the Bible of Saint Louis (Moralized Bible) Gothic 1225 Illuminated manuscript

Lets use Khan Academy! https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/m edieval-world/latin-western- europe/gothic1/a/bible-moralisee Use your Phones!

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