8.1 Plan Quality Management The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements. Includes the detailed definition and documentation of the quality assurance and quality control activities, processes and tools, as well as detailed quality requirements and quality standards. The quality planning process (8.1) happens concurrently with the project management planning process (4.2) Quality is often sacrificed when pressure is applied to reduce costs or timeframes Occurs during Planning Execution Initiation Planning Close Monitor Control Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

8.1 Plan Quality Management Inputs to Plan Quality Management Project Management Plan Scope Baseline - Scope Statement and WBS Cost baseline Schedule baseline Stakeholder register Risk Register Requirements Documentation Enterprise Environmental Factors: Government regulations Standards – internal and external Organisational Process Assets Quality policies and procedures Lessons learned from previous projects Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

8.1 Plan Quality Management Pareto Diagram Tools and techniques to Plan Quality Management Cost Benefit Analysis Design of Experiments Cause and Effect Diagram Histogram Meetings Flowcharts Cost of Quality Statistical Sampling Scatter Diagram Checksheets Control Charts Additional Benchmarking Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

Quality Tools and Techniques Cost of Quality – Totals all costs incurred in quality assurance and quality control activities over the life of the project, product or deliverable. Includes cost of rework and defect rectification. Cost of Conformance Cost of Non Conformance Prevention Costs Training Documented processes Equipment Time to do it right Appraisal Costs Testing Destructive testing losses Inspections Internal Failure Costs Rework Scrap or waste External Failure Costs Liabilities Repairs under warranty Lost business

Quality Tools and Techniques Benchmarking – generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organisation, relates to lesson learnt Cost Benefit Analysis – Primary benefits of meeting quality requirements are less rework, higher productivity, lower costs and increased stakeholder satisfaction. Compares the cost of the quality activity with the benefits. Flowcharting and Process Analysis– Graphical representation of a process that helps to identify potential quality problems. Examination of process efficiency and failures Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Quality Tools and Techniques Inspection – Examination of a deliverable or product to determine if it meets the documented quality standards and requirements Cause and Effect Diagrams – Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams. Illustrate the linkages between quality problems and their potential causes Failure Mode Effects Analysis – More comprehensive that Cause and Effect Diagrams, involves determining ALL potential failures, the impacts of the failures and actions to both manage and prevent failures

Quality Tools and Techniques Checksheets – Used to organise facts to aid collection of data Can be used during inspections Example from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Check_sheet_for_motor_assembly.svg

Quality Tools and Techniques Histograms – Bar chart used to document the frequency with which certain events (defects or failures) occur Pareto Charts or Pareto Diagrams – Type of histogram that is ordered by frequency of occurrence. It shows the defects generated by the categories of the identified causes Run Chart - Similar to a control chart but doesn’t display the upper and lower performance limits, shows total variation in a process over time to enable trend analysis

Quality Tools and Techniques Scatter Diagrams – Correlation charts Plots a change in relationship between two variables Example from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/statistics/scatterdiagramsrev2.shtml

Quality Tools and Techniques Control Charts – Statistical method used to determine if a project or production process is stable and has predictable performance. The upper and lower limits relate to the requirements. Statistical Sampling – Examines a selection or sample group of outputs, products or deliverables for conformity to the requirements and quality standards Design of Experiment - Statistical method for identifying the factors that have the most influence over the quality of the end product, determines the accuracy of testing activities

8.1 Plan Quality Management Outputs of this process include – Quality Management Plan Detailed in the next slide Quality Metrics Part of detailed quality requirements Quality Checklists Part of Quality Control and sign off processes Process Improvement Plan – advanced technique Most relevant to projects with specific process improvement outcomes, e.g. those using Six Sigma’s project methodology Project Document Updates Stakeholder Register and Responsibility Assignment Matrices (part of Project Human Resources) Initiation Planning Execution Close Monitor Control Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

Quality Management Plan The Quality Management Plan establishes the standards and processes to be used in Quality Assurance and Quality Control activities. It is often overlooked on the assumption that it is too difficult to put together and that the project team will just know what is expected in terms of quality. This can result in a failure to meet project, product and deliverable quality requirements, which can leads to failure of the project or expensive rework and defect repair. Common inclusions in the Quality Management Plan – Links to organisational quality management policies and procedures Links to specific quality standards that must be achieved Detailed quality requirements Quality Assurance process and tool definitions Quality Control process and tool definitions Defect tracking and repair processes Initiation Planning Execution Close Monitor Control Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

8.1 Plan Quality Management Outputs - Quality Metrics Deliverable: kitchen benchtops Quality Metrics: Granite 560mm deep Installed to AS/NZS:4387.2:1996 Photo: WilsonB on Flickr Customer Initiation Planning Execution Close Monitor Control Industry Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition

8.1 Plan Quality Management Outputs - Quality Checklists Item Description Date of Inspection Assessor Y/N Comment 1. Granite benchtops mm thick and mm deep 2. Oven delivered is Miele model ME1001223 3. Oven installed flush to wall 4. Tiles are level and grout is applied correctly Initiation Planning Execution Close Monitor Control Adapted from PMBOK 5th Edition