Partnerships for green cities Cor van Montfort Ank Michels Stefan Lubberding ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Context Urbanization Government needs partners Urban green needed to combat congestion and pollution Government needs partners Partnerships between public and private parties ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Research question How do partnerships regarding urban green spaces contibute to livability in cities as perceived by the local community? ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Partnerships Types: Top down – bottom up Formal – informal A. Public organizations B. Public-Public Partnerships C. Public-Private Partnerships D. Private companies E. Partnerships between civil society and public organizations F. Partnerships between civil society and private organizations G. Grassroots civil society organizations H. Partnerships in which civil society, market and state are involved   H Types: Top down – bottom up Formal – informal Differences in resources ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Partnerships  green urban spaces  livability? Literature review Positive outcomes Improved, tailor made facilities Social cohesion Well-being Negative outcomes Gentrification Other: Conflict Crime Partnerships Green urban spaces ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Partnerships  green urban spaces  livability? Case studies Project Toronto and region conservation for the living city: SNAP program: - Balcony container gardening project Wilgensplantsoen Millenium Park Where is it? Toronto, Canada Rotterdam, The Netherlands Chicago, U.S. How does it look like? Who is partner? Local government – multiple public and private stakeholders Local community initiative and local government (subsidy) Local government – private parties What is important? - Good communication between partnership and users: expectation management - Stability in funding - Personal involvement Leadership Responsive project management ICPP3 - Singapore 2017

Conclusion and discussion Partnerships are often a necessity Partnerships contribute to livability if they meet four conditions: Legitimacy Responsiveness Stable funding Leadership ICPP3 - Singapore 2017