SOUTH AFRICA’S PROPOSED NEGOTIATING MANDATE FOR COP22 TO BE HELD IN BAB IGHLI, MARRAKESH, MOROCCO FROM 07TH – 18TH NOVEMBER 2016. PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE – 28 0CTOBER 2016

PURPOSE To present: A short overview of the achievements at COP 21 in Paris, December 2015 Key elements of SA Position for COP22/CMP12, to be held from 07-18 November 2016, in Bab Ighli, Marrakech, Morocco. A short overview of the implications of the Paris Agreement for South Africa, and readiness

UNFCCC COP 21 – PARIS (Dec 2015) Paris COP 21 was a culmination of the process started in Durban at COP17, in 2011; The key outcome of COP 21 was the historic Paris Agreement (PA), which will define the global fight against climate change; Also a set of decisions on the process over the next five years, during which the details of its implementation will be negotiated.

KEY FEATURES OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT A strong, legally-binding international framework to guide the global response to the global challenge of climate change Recognition of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities between developed and developing countries consistent with the UNFCCC; The goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees; A global adaptation goal; Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by all countries every five years, to contribute to the global goals for mitigation and adaptation; each NDC will be a progression; Countries must report on implementation of their NDCs. Reconfirmation of $100 bn target by 2020 and scaling up in 2025

IMPLICATIONS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT FOR SA South Africa will be required to submit a Nationally Determined Contribution every five years. We submitted an INDC (which will become an NDC on accession) to the UNFCCC in 2015, which applies to 2025 and 2030. South Africa will be required to develop policies and measures (PAMs) to implement our NDCs, and to report on progress with these PAMs South Africa will be required to account for our NDC (the extent to which we have met the goals of our NDC), including any use of international market mechanisms; South Africa will have to submit biennial reports to the UNFCCC on national circumstances, emissions, adaptation and other facets of climate change; South Africa should submit regular communications on adaptation South Africa will be encouraged to develop a long-term low-carbon development strategy.

STATUS OF THE NEGOTIATIONS 1 official meeting under UNFCCC- May 2016 Main focus - appointment of the co-Chairs; agenda for Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) . Agenda covers Nationally Determined Contributions, Adaptation Communication, Transparency and Global Stocktake. 2 Informal meetings convened by France and Morocco aimed at identifying priority issues for COP 22. Mandated events such as the review of Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss & Damage as well as Facilitative dialogue under pre-2020 discussions; High level Ministerial on Finance; Pre-2020 Action; Entry into force of the Paris Agreement; and Progress on the Rule-book for Paris Agreement

FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22 There are 2 streams of work: Pre 2020: 2nd Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol; raising of emission reduction ambition by developed countries; pre 2020 finance; Post 2020: negotiation of the rule book for entry into force of the Paris Agreement The double threshold for entry into force of the Paris Agreement (55 countries accounting for 55% of emissions) was achieved on 5 October. The current status is: 82 of 197 Parties to the Convention have ratified, representing close to 60% of global emissions. The Paris Agreement will therefore enter into force on 4 November 2016. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1) will take place in Marrakech in conjunction with COP 22 and CMP 12. The CMA is likely to be suspended until 2018, to allow for finalisation of the negotiations on the Paris Agreement rule book.

FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22: POST 2020 COP 22 will be focused on developing rules for the Paris Agreement; the 3 subsidiary bodies (on the Paris Agreement - APA, on Scientific and Technological Advice- SBSTA and on implementation – SBI) all have tasks related to preparing for entry into force of the Paris Agreement; The APA is expected to take up the process of providing further guidance on the features of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and their adaptation component and/or other adaptation communication; It will also begin consideration of modalities and procedures for the enhanced transparency framework under the Agreement and modalities of the global stocktake outlined in Article 14 of the Agreement. Coherence of issues across the bodies: South Africa expects that the outcomes of the Marrakesh COP should provide a roadmap to ensure that all the work mandated will be concluded in time to be adopted before the commitments of Parties come into effect in 2020.

SA POSITION FOR Post 2020 On Mitigation: Start the discussion on common time frames- Solutions to the dichotonomy of 5 and 10 year timeframe of NDC On Adaptation: the definition of minimum information and features for the adaptation component of NDCs is central to to our position- should address at least, vulnerability, priorities, plans and actions, implementation and support needs, adaptation efforts for recognition in case of developing countries. On Finance: start the discussion on information to be provided by developed countries in their Biennial Communications of Indicative Support (BCIS) envisaged in Article 9.5 On Global Stocktake: Progress on the modalities of the stocktake.

SA POSITION FOR Post 2020 On Early Entry into force: COP 22 should built on the spirit of universality and inclusivity fostered in Paris. This spirit is evident in the speed with which the Agreement has entered into force, and as a result, the first session of the Meeting of Parties of the Paris Agreement (CMA) will hold its first meeting in Marrakech. CMA1 should mandate the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) to continue its work, empower the COP to take stock of progress on issues which are critical for post-2020 implementation, and especially on issues which are not necessarily currently mapped out under the APA’s work programme. Following this, the CMA should suspend its activities until 2018, by which time all Parties should have ratified

FOCUS AREAS FOR COP 22: Pre 2020 COP 22 is expected to be an implementation and action COP; It will take up a number of items that were given less attention, such as: mandated events - including the facilitative dialogue on finance, and pre-2020 ambition and implementation are expected to help provide clarity on the US$100 billion pledge, and address the concerns of many developing countries that pre-2020 action might be overshadowed by negotiations on the post-2020 period. Review of Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM): SA position: it is premature to review the WIM - review to be deferred. Finance: COP22 should clearly outline in Marrakesh the pathways to achieving $100 billion per year by 2020 and beyond.

SA POSITION ON THE PRE 2020 The CoP needs to adopt the ToRs for Paris Committee on Capacity Building to enable the PCCB to continue with its work plan + launch of the Capacity Building Initiative on Transparency. The High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Financing should deliver on adaptation finance. Expectation is that the dialogue would result in scaled-up funding for - Adaptation. The COP and the CMP need to finalise their recommendation on the future of the Adaptation Fund. We expect developed Parties to table a clear pathway to realise the $100 billion per annum by 2020 (scaled up by 2025) and on the provision of technology and capacity building Report assessment of the impact of the Action Agenda; how do we deal with issues visibility of these initiatives; how to convert opportunities emanating from Technical Examination Process into concrete action

South Africa’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) SA’s intended nationally determined contribution: Describes our national priorities and circumstances Sets out our mitigation INDC (commitment to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions) Sets out our adaptation INDC (commitments to take action to adapt to the impact of climate change Means of implementation: an outline of the costs associated with reducing our emissions and adapting to climate impacts

What does SA’s adaptation INDC consist of?

SA Adaptation INDC Goal 1: Develop a national adaptation plan and begin operationalisation (2020 – 25) Goal 2: Take into account climate considerations in national development, sub-national and sector policy frameworks for the period 2020 to 2030 Goal 3: Build the necessary institutional capacity for climate change response planning and implementation for the period 2020 to 2030 Goal 4: Develop an early warning, vulnerability and adaptation monitoring system for key climate vulnerable sectors and geographical areas Goal 5: Development of a vulnerability assessment and adaptation needs framework by 2020 Goal 6: Communication of past investments in adaptation for education and awareness as well as for international recognition

What does SA’s mitigation INDC consist of?

Three elements A long term vision – a “peak, plateau, decline” emissions trajectory range to 2050. A medium-term goal – emissions will be within the range 398-614 Mt CO2-eq in the years 2025 and 2030. Flexibility – a) a range for the PPD, b) a range in 2025/30, and c) periodic review of the PPD in the longer term in the light of science, national circumstances.

1) Long term context - SA’s emissions will “peak, plateau and decline”, within a specified range

2) Medium term goal - SA’s emissions will be within the range 398-614 Mt CO2-eq in 2025 and 2030

3) Flexibility - in the longer term, SA’s “PPD” trajectory will be periodically reviewed ADD ALL TEXT TO CONDITOOND for review ““science, the success of this mix of mitigation policies and measures, new accessible and affordable technology, increased capability and emerging mitigation opportunities the PPD trajectory range may also be adjusted, without compromising the overall ambition of South Africa's long-term contribution to the global mitigation effort.””

What is SA doing, and will need to do ? The development of South Africa’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy is well underway (details in separate presentation) The framework for a national greenhouse gas emission reduction system was approved by Cabinet in 2015 and operationalisation is well underway (details in separate presentation) A national climate change response monitoring and reporting web- based system is under development, and the first annual report on South Africa’s climate change response has been published (details in separate presentation) South Africa’s national greenhouse gas inventory for the period 2000 to 2012 has been published for public comment, as has the 2nd Bienniel Update Report to the UNFCCC, outlining climate action. 5 sectoral adaptation strategies have been published by sectoral departments (agriculture, water, biodiversity, health, rural development) 5 provincial vulnerability assessments have been finalised and 3 provincial adaptation strategies have been finalised.

What is SA doing, and will need to do ? Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Program significant achievements National Green Transport Strategy published for public comment Progress with the National Energy Efficiency Programme However, we will have to increase the pace of implementation We will have to scale up investments significantly in renewable energy, public transport, energy efficiency, waste management and land restoration initiatives country-wide, in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of our economy, ensuring significant benefits to the economy, and significant co-benefits. All spheres of Government will need to refine their strategies for adapting to the impacts of climate change and for enhancing the capacity of institutions, services, infrastructure, human settlements and ecosystem services to respond to and bounce back from the impacts of climate change

FURTHER DETAILS To be presented in separate presentations on: The national emission reduction system The national strategy on adaptation The national climate change response monitoring and evaluation system