WORD FORMATION B. MONIKA NAIR
Different parts of speech like noun, verb, adjective and adverb are formed by the addition of a syllable mostly at the end of the a word The Process of adding syllables is called AFFIXING
Examples: healthy => un + healthy = unhealthy (un is the affix) fear => fear + less = fearless (less is the affix)
When the letter or group of letters is added to the beginning of a word, we call it a prefix. Examples unhappy overconfident ultraviolet underdeveloped
When the letter or group of letters is added to the end of a word, we call it a suffix. Examples: careful secretly greatness teacher
Suffixes like -ant, -ator, -er, -ist, -or are added to form Personal nouns Protest - Protestant Terminate- Terminator Conduct- Conductor Teach- Teacher Education- Educationist
Suffixes like -ance, -ence, -ation, -ion, -ism, -ment, -sion, -tion, -ty, -age, -ency can be used to form Functional nouns Refer- reference Maintain- maintenance Invest-investment Tour-tourism Examine- examination Immerse-immersion Transparent-transparency Cultivate- cultivation Secure-security Bond-bondage
Adjectives are formed by adding suffixes like able, -al, -ative, -ical, -ing, -ive, -ory, -tic Reason-reasonable Collect-collective Develop-developing Transit-transitory Paralyze-paralytic Technology-technological Preserve-preservative Environment-environmental
Adverbs are generally formed by the addition of -ally, -ly or -lly to most of the adjectives Comprehensible – Comprehensibly Communicative – Communicatively Developmental – Developmentally
Verb Noun Adjective Apply application applicable Extract _________ __________ _______ intense __________ _______ _________ operative Require _________ __________ Produce _________ productive _______ _________ motivated Rely __________ __________
Antonyms of words can be formed by adding negative prefixes like a, an, anti, counter, de etc Prefix Meaning Example A without amoral An without anarchy Anti against antibiotic Counter contrary counteract, counterhistory
Prefix Meaning Example 5. De not debug 6. Dis not disarm 7 Prefix Meaning Example 5. De not debug 6. Dis not disarm 7. Il not illogical 8. Im not immodest 9. In not inability 10. Ir not irrelevant 11. Mis unfavourable misuse 12. Non not non interference 13. Un not unreal/ unlock
Find the antonyms for the following words 1. Approve 2.Normal 3. Function 4. Forestation 5. Sufficient 6. Social 7. Generate 8. Reversible 9. Infect 10. Handle 11. Balance 12. Legible
Prefix that means:"before or prior" pre- pre-empt, preschool Prefix that means: "after" post- post-modern, posthumous, postscript, postwar, postpone
Prefix that means: "to repeat, do over" re- rewash, redo,remake, Prefix that means: "to repeat, do over" re- rewash, redo,remake, recreate, review
Prefix that means "two, or double" bi- bicycle, biannual, bilateral, bilingual, Prefix that means "three, four, five," tri - tricycle quad quadruple (four times) quin quintuplets (five)
Add suitable Prefix Having a speed greater than that of sound- ____sonic Not having the required quality- ___standard Abnormal blood pressure- ____tension Make someone unimportant- ___little More than something- ___number Division within- ____sect Autonomous- ____governing Last longer- ____long
9. Endure without giving in- ____stand 10 9. Endure without giving in- ____stand 10. Store where everything is available- ___market 11. Take away human qualities- ___humanize 12. Not earning enough- ____paid 13. Speaking two languages- ____lingual 14. A first quick look at an object- ____ficial 15. Leave aircraft- ____embark
Form five words using the following Prefix Self Super Anti Inter hyper
Fill in with appropriate word Noun Adjective Person Concerned __________ Chemical Chemist __________ ___________ Dramatist Environment ___________ _______________ __________ psychological _______________ Botany __________ Botanist