Shiffa binti Abdul Aziz Introduction to Linguistics

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Presentation transcript:

Shiffa binti Abdul Aziz 1416312 Introduction to Linguistics Morphology in Hindi Shiffa binti Abdul Aziz 1416312 Introduction to Linguistics

Theory of Morphology Morphology is the study of words which are formally and semantically related. An expression must possess the following three properties in order to be called a ‘word’ - a phonological structure - a category - a meaning Any morphological relationship between two words of a language can be described by a rule : Morphological Strategy (MS) or Word Formation Strategy (WFS)

Derivational Reduplication Inflection

Derivational Suffix (morphemes are added at the end of a word) The process by which words are formed from existing words or bases by adding affixes. Suffix (morphemes are added at the end of a word) X (n, masc., sing.) Meaning sudhar reform sudharək reformer lekh essay lekhək writer

Prefix (morphemes added at the beginning of a word) X (n., abs., sing.) əX (n., abs., sing.) Opposite of X Noun (masc.,sing.) Meaning Adjective (Xless  X = Noun) adhar base nIradhar baseless bhəy fear nIrbhəy fearless X (noun, abstract, singular Meaning əX (noun, abstract, singular səty truth əsəty untruth səhməti agreement əsəhməti disagreement

Inflection (Xa)adjective, masculine (Xi)adjective, feminine An alteration of the form of a word by the addition of an affix, as in English dogs from dog, or by changing the form of a base, as in English spoke from speak, that indicates grammatical features such as number, gender, mood, or tense. (Xa)adjective, masculine (Xi)adjective, feminine Ladaki (girl) Ladaka (boy) Beti (daughter) Beta (s0n) Xa (adj, masc) Xi (adj, fem) Meaning kala kali black mota moti fat

Reduplication The added element in a word form that is reduplicated. Morphological processes often integrate with each other. (E.g. reduplication and compounding) Theoretical models of reduplication : - Phonological Copying Theory - Morphological Doubling Theory treats reduplication as the insertion of two identical or semantically equivalent morphological constituents.

[ ]([F]) [ ] Fi [ ] Fi Diagram for a morphological doubling schema A construction of Modern Hindi, pairs synonymous adjectives, the first of native origin and the second of Perso-Arabic origin, to give an overall meaning of ‘[noun] et cetera’ [ ] Fi [ ] Fi +Native (Hindi) Meaning -Native (Perso-Arabic) [‘noun, etc’] (a) tan body badan tan-body (b) vivaah marriage shaadi vivaah-shaadi

[vivaah-shaadi][‘marriage, etc’] [tan] [‘body’] [badan] [‘body’] (a) [tan-body][‘body, etc’] (b) [vivaah-shaadi][‘marriage, etc’] [tan] [‘body’] [badan] [‘body’] [tan] [‘body’] [tan] [‘body’]

Thank You 