Mental Disorders

Psychological Disorder Behaviors that are: Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others Unjustifiable- without a rational basis Disturbing- troublesome to other people Atypical- so different that a “norm” is violated

Disorders through time… Ancient times: Demonic possession! Treatment- Torture Execution Prayer Magic 18th Century- Philippe Pinel Worked to eliminate brutality

Understanding Disorders… Medical Model Mental diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed on the basis of their treatable symptoms and cured through therapy. Nature vs. Nurture?

Understanding Disorders… Bio-Psycho-Social Model Assumes that biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders. Genetic predisposition Nature vs. Nurture?

Diagnosing Psychological Disorders… Classified according to: Description of the disorder Predict the future course of the disorder Treat the disorder appropriately Provide a springboard for research

Diagnosing Psychological Disorders… DSM-IV-TR (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition) Categories of mental disorders Descriptions DSM III dropped homosexuality, manic depressive (bipolar), passive-aggressive, and neurosis Drawback and advantages of labeling?

Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobia Persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tenseness. Panic Disorder Sudden bouts of intense, unexplained panic Phobia Disruptive, irrational fears of objects or situations Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Unwanted, repetitive thoughts and actions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Characterized by reliving a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories or dreams.

Phobias… Hematophobia Nyctophobia Claustrophobia Spermophobia Musophobia Ophidiophobia Arachnophobia Aerophobia Agoraphobia Sciophobia Dendrophobia Acrophobia Decidophobia Hippophobia Kleptophobia Necrophobia Nudophobia Pyrophobia Somniphobia

Video time… OCD and treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Panic Attacks http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=1871337F-EF55- 4D19-A74B- 1C8863FCB873&blnFromSearch=1&produc tcode=US

Childhood Disorders ADD/ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattention, distractibility, restlessness Ritalin/Adderall (stimulant) 1/3 cases continue to adulthood Autistic Disorder Failure to develop normal patterns of emotional responses, communication & social interactions. Diagnosed before 3 Echolalia: symptom in which person echoes what has just been said.

Video Time… Autism http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=B5C2DEBA-D7C9- 415E-A466- 0B61E025F6A7&blnFromSearch=1&product code=DHC

Dissociative Disorders Broken away from your sense of self, memories, thoughts and feelings. Dissociative Amnesia: Traumatic events seem to disappear from memory. Fugue: Forgetting current life and starting a new one elsewhere. Dissociative Identity Disorder: Person divides self into separate personalities that can act independently. (Multiple Personalities)

Somatoform Disorders Physical Problems occur for psychological reasons. Conversion Disorder: psychological trauma changed to symbolic physical dysfunction Paralysis, blindness, sensitivity to pain Hypochondriasis: overly concerned about health, minor physical complaint is seen as major illness.

Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality- no conscience and in constant conflict with the law. (sociopath) Borderline Personality- instability of emotions, self-image, behavior and relationships. Dependency, manipulative, self-destructive behavior. (usually clingy relationships)

Have you ever felt depressed… What caused your depression? How did you handle it? Are certain times more likely to leave you depressed… During your day? During your week? During your month? During your year? Why?...

Depression A mood disorder in which a person feels sad. Lack of dopamine and an imbalance of serotonin. Either neurotransmitters are not being sent or the receptor site is blocked. Dysfunctional frontal lobe Can occur naturally or due to environmental factors

Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder: severe depression; must have 5/9 symptoms for 2 or more weeks: Depresses mood No interest in activities Sleeping a lot Change in weight Decreased level of activity Fatigue Worthlessness or inappropriate guilt Lack of concentration Suicidal thoughts

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder: manic episodes alternating with episodes of depression; Manic: racing thoughts, easily distracted, no sleep, highly active Depressed: depressed mood, little interest, fatigue, don’t want to get our of bed.

Treatment Cognitive therapy Think logically Behavior therapy Except condition and learn to behave a certain way Medication Create a balance of neurotransmitters or hormones

Schizophrenic Disorders Most frightening and misunderstood disorder It is a family of related disorders Disorganized and delusional thinking Disturbed perceptions Inappropriate emotions and behaviors NOT split personality, breaking away from reality 1% of the population Men and women Develops in late adolescence or early adulthood

Schizophrenic Disorders Symptoms: Delusions of Grandeur: More important than you really are Delusions of persecution: People are out to get you Delusions of sin or guilt: Being responsible for misfortunes Delusions of influence: Being controlled by outside forces Hallucinations: Auditory, Visual and Tactile 4 Types of Schizophrenia Catatonic: disturbance of movement; no speaking; no moving Paranoid: persecution feelings or suspiciousness Disorganized: bizarre behavior “gone mad” Undifferentiated: “catch all category”

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