ASIS

ASIS Content of workshop Quiz Basics Resource types How to do in-text referencing? How to do a bibliography / list of references? Basic and advanced examples Tools Practice

ASIS First, some questions for you: Question one: How many mistakes are there in this example? Bekker, Jan and Witte, Toby. (2014) Government in transition. Amsterdam: Coutinho Publishing House.

ASIS Question two: What is a citation style?

ASIS What is a citation style? Every time you use something from other people in an assignment, you need to acknowledge the resource. You do this in these situations: literally copying someone elses words/pictures/graphs/clips/etc.; rewriting words from someone else; using ideas from another source than your own. There are guidelines for doing this. This is called a citation style.

ASIS Well-known citation styles MLA (Humanities, Arts and Literature) Chicago (History) Vancouver (Sciences) AMA (Medicine & Health) APA (Social Sciences, Psychology and Education) -> style choosen by Avans/ASIS

ASIS Question three: Why would you use a citation style?

ASIS Why use a citation style? Plagiarism: Texts, video’s, pictures, graphs, etc. can not always be used without permission from its owner. You need to at least acknowledge the author. Sometimes it is even necessary to get permission. Accountability: other people need to be able to check resources. Modisty: you’re also giving credit to the author of a work.

ASIS Three steps: Define your resource type Proces your in-text reference Proces your reference for the bibliography / list of references?

ASIS Step 1: Resources There are all kinds of resources available. APA has different guidelines for every sourcetype. For instance: interviews, websites, articles, reports, books, pictures. Before you start, you need to know what kind of resource type you are dealing with.

ASIS Step 2 & 3: Referencing You always reference in two places: In the text itself; On the bibliography / list of references.

ASIS Step 2 & 3: Referencing Text: Bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla (Leen & Mertens, 2015). Bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, “bla, bla, bla” (Leen & Mertens, 2015, p. 45). Bibliography: Leen, J., & Mertens, J. (2015). Deskresearch for companies. London: Wiley.

ASIS Step 2: How to do in-text referencing? The reference in your text can be done in two ways: As a paraphrase or in text citation As a citation or direct quote or quotation

ASIS Step 2: How to do in-text referencing? Citing is using a part of the text literally. This could also be a picture or a video. Sometimes used when it is better to use the exact words. Always mention the author, the year of publication and page number. Include a quotation of fewer than 40 words in the running text; use double quotation marks.

ASIS Step 2: How to do in-text referencing? It could look like this in your text: Lindgren (2001) defines stereotypes as “value-laden impressions that one’s social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (p. 16). “In the financial sector in London work between 250.000 and 300.000 people” (Luijendijk, 2015, p. 18). According to Luijendijk (2015, p. 18) between “250.000 and 300.000 people“ work in the British capital.

ASIS Step 2: How to do in-text referencing? A quotation of 40 or more words is displayed in an indented, freestanding block of text (block quotation). It could look like this in your text: Cowie et al. (2002) describe negative effects of bullying at work: People who have been bullied report that it affects them physically and mentally, with stress, depression, and lowered self-esteem as the most common complaints. In extreme cases, bullied employees may require counseling or psychiatric treatment (pp. 23-24). When a quote is covered on more than one page: use pp. instead of p. and mention the start and endpage of the quote. p. 16 pp. 16-18

ASIS Step 2: How to do in-text referencing? Paraphrasing is rendering it in your own words. This is the most common. Only mention the author and the year of publication when paraphrasing. It could look like this in your text: The more time students had spent on Facebook, the less happy they felt over time (Gruenbaum, 2012). The United Nations (UN, 2011) published a report stating that Internet access is a basic human right. According to dr. Luijendijk (2015) on average 300.000 people in London work in the financial sector.

ASIS Quiz: Paraphrase or citation? Gruenbaum (2012) found the more time students had spent on Facebook, the less happy they felt over time. Paraphrase

ASIS Step 3: How to do a list of references / bibliography? Reference list: shows all titles that you use in your paper. This is what you need to add in your paper in year 1. Bibliography: shows all titles that you have used during your research. Not everything will end up in your paper. This is a preference at ASIS, especially in year 4. A bibliography is longer then a reference list. Make the reference list at the end of your text always in alphabetical order.

ASIS Step 3: How to do a list of references / bibliography? Include only references which the reader can consult. Interviews, emails, telephone calls, lessons and workshops are not mentioned. You can refer to them in the text though and if you like in an appendix.

ASIS Step 3: How to do a bibliography / list of references? Ranking: do not use  - or anything similar. The second and following line should be indented. Chaney, L. H., & Martin, J. S. (2014). Intercultural business communication. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Jones, L., & Alexander, R. (2008). New international business English: Communication skills in English for business purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ASIS Step 3: How to do a list of references / bibliography? In the list of references / bibliography at the end of your paper, you add a full description. A full description consists of 4 components: Author Publication date Title Publication information Digital resources: The publication information is replaced by the web location (URL of DOI).

ASIS Component 1: Author Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6th edition). Amsterdam: Atlas Contact. Author(s): In the case of multiple authors or editors an ampersand (&) precedes the last name. Between the authors there is a comma (,), also before the &. First names: only use the initials. Multiple initials: add a space between. Editors: add the abbreviation Red. between brackets -> Luyendijk, J. (Red.). Close the Author component with a decimal point.

ASIS Component 2: Publication date Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6th edition). Amsterdam: Atlas Contact. Publication date: Year between ( ). For websites, also mention day and month. No date available? Use n.d. between ( ). This means No date. Close the Publication date component with a decimal point.

ASIS Component 3: Title Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6th edition). Amsterdam: Atlas Contact. Title: Title and subtitles are printed in italics. Title and subtitles are devided by a : Subtitles start with a capital. Edition is placed directly behind the title between (). Edition is written in full. Close the Title component with a decimal point.

ASIS Component 4a: Publication information Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6e edition). Amsterdam: Atlas Contact. Publication information: Eliminate words such as 'publisher', 'Co.' and 'Inc.' from the publishers name. Use only the surname for publishers. If more location names are mentioned, only use the first one. Close the Publication information component with a decimal point.

ASIS Component 4b: Location on the web Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6e edition). Retrieved on Januari 20 2016, from http://books.google.com/books?isbn=9045028174 What if we had read this book via Google Books. The component publication information is replaced by the location on the web. Retrieved [month day year], from [url] Month in full. ‘Retrieved [date], from [ link website]’ is preferred over 'Downloaded'. Do not close this component with a decimal point. This will change the url.

ASIS Component 4b: Location on the web with a doi The digital object identifier (doi) is a number for a digital object (text, picture, video, software, datasets, etc.). The doi of an object never changes, so you can use this as a permanent link to the object. When possible replace the url for a doi.

ASIS Component 4b: Location on the web with a doi Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6e edition). http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.xxxx/xxxxxx Luyendijk, J. (2015). This isn’t true: Talking with bankers (6e edition). doi:10.xxxx/xxxxxx Doi in small letters Doi replaces Retrieved from … Do not close this component with a decimal point. This will change the doi.

ASIS Difference between American and Dutch Infixes: In English, the infixes come first, such as De Vries, Van Tilburg. In an English alphabetical list all this would come at the 'D' or 'V'. Such as the in-text citations. Text: (De Vries & Van Tilburg, 2016); Bibliography: De Vries, J., & Van Tilburg, P. (2016). In a Dutch list the surnames must be sorted on Vries and Tilburg. Dutch students might have learned it this way.

ASIS Difference between American and Dutch Date of retrieval: According to the American guidelines a web resource in a reference list should have a date of retrieval. This does not apply if the content will not be changed. For example: an article in pdf. Because it is difficult to determine whether a site could change or not it is recommended to always mention the date of retrieval.

ASIS Basic examples Book / E-book Chapter from a book / e-book Journal article Internet resource Interview Tables / graphs / figures

ASIS Book Reference list rules for a book: Author, A. (year of publication). Title of the book. Place: Publisher.

ASIS Reference list rules for a book A second or subsequent print is listed in parentheses after the title, but is not required. Infixes come for the initial(s) and must be written in full. For example: Van den Berg, G. H. If there is no author but an editor insert this name in brackets in the language of the book.

ASIS Reference list rules for a book In the case of multiple authors or editors an ampersand (&) precedes the last name. All authors are mentioned. In the case of eight or more authors (or editors), the first six names are mentioned, then (...) to symbolise the omission, followed by the last author, without ampersand (&). Eliminate words such as 'publisher', 'Co.' and 'Inc.' from the publishers name. Use only the surname for publishers. If more location names are mentioned, only use the first one.

ASIS E-book Digital version without a doi Author, A. (year of publication). Title of the book. Retrieved on [day month year], from http://www.aaaa.bbb Digital version with doi Author, A. (year of publication). Title of the book. doi:xxxxxxxxxx

ASIS Chapter from a book

ASIS Chapter from an e-book With doi: Add the doi behind the pages. Without doi: Add: Retrieved from http://www.aaaaaa.bbb Hoe doe je dat als een e-book geen pagina-nrs heeft?

ASIS Journal article

ASIS Reference list rules for a journal article Author, A. (year of publication). Title of article. Name of the journal, volume(number), xx-xx. Reference list rules for a digital article with doi Author, A. (year of publication). Title of article. Name of the journal, volume(number), xx-xx. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx Reference list rules for a digital article without doi Add behind the pages: Retrieved on date, from http://www.aaaaaa.bbb

ASIS Internet Resource Reference list rules for an internet resource: Author, A. (publication date website). Title of the document. Retrieved month day year, from http://url Databank toevoegen tussen [ ]. Op website Han staan voorbeelden met [xxx] voor Retrieved xxx

ASIS Internet Resource In the absence of an author name: mention the organization. If this also fails, start the description with the title. Organization as author: basically you always use the full name in the reference. If the acronym is well known and the full name long, enter the full name only in the first reference, followed by the abbreviation in brackets: (Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS], 2014) In the second and subsequent references you can then use the abbreviation. Note that the reader should be able to find the entrance without difficulty in the reference list. So the abbreviation must be accepted: (CBS, 2015).

ASIS Internet Resource When the date lacks use ‘n.d.' (No date / Undated). ‘Retrieved [date], from [ link website]’ is preferred over 'Downloaded'. The address of a website starts with http(s):// and is completely underlined or linked. It is always as specific as possible. For publications from for instance databases the name of the database may be included between square brackets, but this is not mandatory. With the use of square brackets the origin of the information can be clarified.

ASIS Interview

ASIS Interview In case of a published interview, use the guidelines for the material in which the interview is included (see Book, Internet resource, etc.) A self-contained interview (or survey) is not included in the bibliography, because the reader/teacher has no ability to read or hear such an interview. You may include a list of names and data of the interviews in an annex. Use personal announcement or personal communication.

ASIS Home made tables / graphs / figures Your chart, graph or diagram has a title. Usually you’ll find this title below your table or graph. A title is composed of two parts: the name of the chart, graph or diagram (Table 1, Graph 15a, Figure 37) and the definition of what it shows. Include the description in italics. Nothing in the reference list.

ASIS Home made tables / graphs / figures

ASIS Tables / graphs / figures from somebody else When you use a table, etc. from somebody else, this is considered a direct quotation. Your chart gets a number, for referral within your text. In your text you only mention this number. The reference list shows the publication where your chart came from. You place the number with a description underneath the chart.

ASIS Tables / graphs / figures from somebody else underneath the table Deze snap ik niet.... Retrieved from “More Dutch shop online” from CBS, 2016 (URL). Copyright 2016, CBS. Figure 1. Online shopping 2015. Retrieved from “More Dutch shop online” from CBS, 2016 (URL). Copyright 2016, CBS.

ASIS Tables / graphs / figures from somebody else in the text Give the table a number and refer to it in the text. Example: … Figure 1 shows that Germany, the Uk and Denmark shop online more regularly than the Dutch …

ASIS Advanced examples Use of a website as a whole Author and year from different publications are the same Reference from somebody else within a publication

ASIS Use of a website as a whole You use the complete weblink in your text. For example: On the website from the APA (http://www.apa.org) you can find information on APA guidelines. There is no mentioning of this on your reference list.

ASIS Author and year from different publications are the same Insert lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year of publication when referring to several publications by the same author(s) in the same year. This is done both in the text and in the reference list:  (Watts & Freeman, 1986a)  (Watts & Freeman, 1986b) Which letters are added to which publications will be determined in the reference list, since these references are mutually arranged alphabetically by title.

ASIS Reference from somebody else within a publication You are reading a publication by the author Cox. Cox quotes in his publication another author called Dow. You want to use the quotation from Dow in your paper.

ASIS Reference from somebody else within a publication (ASIS approach) Look for the original article and make a referral from that article. That way you are sure there are no misinterpretations by Cox. And you can see the context. Also possible: Refer to both articles in the same sentence. The reference list will only contain the article by Cox. Dow (1996, as written in Cox, 2012) states the following … Author (date original title, as written in author, date of publication used) state the following …. If this is a direct quotation: add a page number behind “date of publication used”.

ASIS More authors

ASIS Tools APA page from Xplora RefWorks (= reference manager from Avans) Google Scholar / Kaluga / Worldcat.org (copy-paste citation tool built in, many different languages available) SCRiBBR APA Generator Manuals How do I reference? / Tilburg University APA Manual Tilburg University (includes the top 33 different resource types) APA style quick guide 2015 / Stenden

ASIS Back to the beginning Question one: How many mistakes are there in this example? Bekker, Jan and Witte, Toby. (2014) Government in transition. Amsterdam: Coutinho Publishing House.

ASIS Back to the beginning Question one: How many mistakes are there in this example? Bekker, Jan and Witte, Toby. (2014) Government in transition. Amsterdam: Coutinho Publishing House. Bekker, J., & Witte, T. (2014). Government in transition: The influence of social professionals on general policy makers. Amsterdam: Coutinho.

ASIS Practice http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:ev0027 Make a in text citation (paraphrase) and a reference for the reference list. What data do we have available for this website? Author Title Year of publication Everything can be found. Parafrase: check pag. 10, par. 1.16 Quotation: check par. 2.2. Reference list: pag. 34, par. 4.31

ASIS Answer Paraphrase: The EUR-Lex website (EUR-Lex, 2015) shows a guideline on industrial emissions. EUR-Lex (2015) states that “To control industrial emissions, the EU has developed a general framework based on integrated permitting” (Summary section, para. 3). Reference for the bibliography: EUR-Lex. (2015). Industrial Emissions. Retrieved at December 15th, 2015 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:ev0027 Alle info is aanwezig: auteur, titel, jaar Parafrase: check pag. 10, par. 1.16 (= webdocument). Citaat: check par. 2.2 (= online resources). Gebruikt pag. 34, par. 4.31 (= webdocument)

ASIS Bibliography Habraken, A. (z.d.). Bronvermelding volgens de richtlijnen van de APA: Handleiding. Geraadpleegd op 21 juli 2016, van http://itswww.uvt.nl/lis/es/apa/apa-handleiding.pdf Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen [HAN]. (2016). APA: Bronnenlijst. Geraadpleegd op 21 juli 2016, van http://specials.han.nl/themasites/studiecentra/verwerken-en-delen/bronnen-vermelden/apa-normen/ HAN. (2016). APA: Vraag en antwoord: Veelgestelde vragen over de APA normen. Geraadpleegd op 21 juli 2016, van http://specials.han.nl/themasites/studiecentra/verwerken-en-delen/bronnen-vermelden/apa-faq/#comp00004e98289300000053745c66 Tilburg University. (2016). Hoe refereer ik? Geraadpleegd op 21 juli 2016, van https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/nl/studenten/vaardigheden/scriptorium/bronvermelding/refereren/