Herbal Medicine Manufacturing Week 6: Lozenges and Pastilles Gargles

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Lozenges and Pastilles Solid medicines designed to dissolve in the mouth, and absorbed through mucous membranes Lozenges: Combinations of refined sugar, gum acacia or a similar natural gum, distilled water and herbs or flavourings Pastilles: Infused, decocted or powdered herbs with gelatine (or equivalent) and glycerine, tend to be softer and more chewy than lozenges. The sucking releases the preparation slowly and is specifically indicated for local conditions of the mouth, throat or - via reflex actions - conditions of the digestive system or upper respiratory tract A glycero-gelatine base is the base for pastilles. Add liquid fluid extracts in equal proportions . Easy to prepare. Pastilles were originally medicinal in origin and part of a doctor’s dispensary, like root beers and many herbal-themed beverages (sarsaparilla, burdock, ginger etc.), have been industrialised into candy and soft drinks Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) lozenges. Photo by Cara Faus <www.flickr.com/photos/39794839@N03/5085880511>

Lozenges – Ginger lozenge recipe Ginger Lozenges (Adams & Tan p.66) 50g fresh grated ginger 500ml water Sugar Method: 1. Simmer ginger as for a concentrated decoction. Strain and press. 2. Measure the volume of the resulting liquid 3. Add double the quantity of sugar and dissolve over low heat while stirring 4. Bring to a gentle boil, simmer 10 minutes or until drips of mixture harden when added to cold water 5. Pour into lightly oiled moulds or paper pans Glycero-gelatin base (Adams & Tan p.67) Mix 1 part glycerine and 1 part water Dissolve 1 part powdered gelatine or pre-soaked vegetarian equivalent into the mix Heat mixture over a very low heat until all gelatine is dissolved Herbal liquid extracts can be combined into this base Rosehip and Slippery Elm lozenges. Photo by Courtney Dunkin <www.simplynurtured.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/herbal-cough-lozenges1-1024x664.jpg>

Pastilles – Liquorice and propolis pastille recipe Liquorice and Propolis pastilles- Adams & Tan p. 67 4gms gelatine 4mls glycerine 4mls distilled water 10ml liquorice FE 1:1 2mls propolis TR 1:5 Method: Prepare glycero-gelatine base per previous slide Add tincture and fluid extract; stir until mixture is blended Pour into pencil-shaped, mould or shallow pour into an ice cube tray. Set in fridge Cut into 3cm lengths and wrap in cling wrap or cellophane and store in fridge or freezer The consistency of the pastille will depend upon the dryness of the atmosphere following the preparation and before wrapping and storing. Opium pastilles from the 1890s. Label states ‘1 in brandy or peppermint water as lozenge every 3-4 hours if necessary. Children 10-15 ½ as above, aged 5-10, ¼ may be given. Photo by Catherine Mackenzie <www.flickr.com/photos/oakleaf_25/6257417352> Bach Rescue Pastilles. Photo courtesy of MHP Pharmacy. <www.mhpvitamins.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/RR-PASTILLES.jpg>

Gargles Used to wash out, soothe and/or disinfect the back of the throat in conditions such as sore throats, post-nasal drip, tonsillitis or laryngitis Based on an infusion or decoction or diluted fluid extract of an indicated herb such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), both antiseptic for sore throats Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and demulcent herbs are also ideal as gargles; marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) Herbs with an astringent action can also be given as a gargle; myrrh (Commiphora molmol), sage (Salvia officinalis) Finally, rubefacient herbs, or those that cause local heating can increase circulation to the throat if needed; ginger (Zingiber officinale), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and cayenne (Capsicum minimum) A number of herbs can be used in a compound infusion or decoction to increase the number of actions Sage, thyme, liquorice and cayenne gargle. Photo by Tim Stewart <thefruitloop.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Sore-throat-gargle-150x150.jpg>

Gargles – Sage, thyme and liquorice gargle recipe Ingredients: 1 tsp dried sage 1 tsp thyme leaves 1 tsp liquorice root powder 1/4 tsp cayenne pepper (optional) Honey, as or if necessary Method Place the sage, thyme and cayenne in an enclosed tea strainer and pour over 500mL of boiling water Place the tea strainer in the solution for at least 15 minutes and stir in the liquorice root powder. You will need to stir before each use as the powder will settle. Strain and add honey Store in the fridge and pour into a cup a couple of times a day and gargle and spit Sage (Salvia off.), a top tip for tired throats. Photo by Lynda Kellam <www.flickr.com/photos/lynda_2008/4805502328>

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