Unit 2 Physical Science Atoms and the Periodic Table Ms. Holley – Clayton High School

9/13/2017 Unit 2 Outlines due 9/19 Game Plan: Announcements & Turn In: Game Plan: Credit Recovery Unit 2 Notes Work on Outlines for Unit 2 – use Textbooks in classroom. NO cell phones out! Unit 2 is Chapters 4-5 in the Textbook. Outlines are due 9/19 Daily Targets: Assignments (due next class*): Students Will Be Able To: describe the parts of an atom. Unit 2 Outlines due 9/19

Subatomic Particles Subatomic Particles Charge Location Mass Proton (p) +1 nucleus 1 amu Neutron (n) Electron(e-) -1 orbitals .0005 amu

Periodic Table Basics DON’T LOSE YOUR PERIODIC TABLE! Take the following UNDERLINED information on the front side of your periodic table.

Periodic Table Basics Atomic # = # of protons Identifies the element Organized on table by Atomic #

Periodic Table Basics Mass # = (# of protons + # of neutrons.

# Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic # # Electrons = # of Protons Periodic Table Basics # Protons = Atomic # # Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic # # Electrons = # of Protons ( if the atom is neutral)

Find the symbol for Lead

Find the symbol for CALCIUM

Find the symbol for POTASSIUM

Find the atomic number of C

Find the atomic number of Sr

Find the atomic mass of Cl

Find the atomic mass of Fe

Find the number of protons for N

Find the number of protons for Li

Find the number of protons for W

Find the number of neutrons for Ar

Find the number of neutrons for Rb

Find the number of electrons for Al

Find the number of electrons for Sn

Family Names Family Names: 1- Alkali Metals 2- Alkaline Earth Metals 3- Boron Family 4- Carbon Family

Family Names 5 – Nitrogen Family 6 – Oxygen Family 7- Halogens 8- Noble Gas

On your Periodic Table Write at the top: Groups run up and down = # of valence electrons

On your Periodic Table Write at the top: Periods run side to side= # of energy levels

More Information about the Periodic Table  Valence electrons- electrons in the outermost energy level

More Information about the Periodic Table  Ions – a charged particle (+ / -) Gain electrons  - ion (anion) Loss electrons  + ion (cation)

What period is Li in?

What period is Br in?

What family is Al ?

What family is Ne in?

How many valence electrons does B have?

How many valence electrons does Mg have?

How many energy levels does P have?

How many energy levels does Fr have?

How many valence electrons does S have?

What period is Ba in?

What group number is O in?

Back to Bohr models! Divide the back of your periodic table into 8 columns Label across the top: 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A & 8A Label the Family names across the top under the 1A, 2A, etc Draw the Bohr model for the first element in each family I will demonstrate on the board

Steps for drawing Bohr Models 1) Find the element- determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons 2) Draw the nucleus and put in the number or neutrons and protons 3) Find the period the element is on, this is the number of orbitals or energy levels. 4) Find the group the element is in, this is the number of valence electrons. 5) Draw the orbitals and put in the valence electrons. 6) Draw in the rest of the electrons.

Helium

Valence Electrons How many valence electrons does Helium have?

Valence Electrons Magic number in the outermost energy level is 8 (octet) 8 electrons = full shell Electrons can be given away (+) or taken in (-)

Valence Electrons (Look)

How to express Valence Electrons

Oxidation # Oxidation # is the resulting charge on an ion. EX. Beryllium has 2 valence electrons, is it easier for Be to gain 6 e’s or lose 2 e’s? EX. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, is it easier for O to gain 2 e’s or to lose 6 e’s? On your worksheet you will label the oxidation numbers.

Practice! What is the oxidation state of Sr?

How many neutrons does Cu have?

What is the atomic number of Pd?

What is the atomic mass of W?

What period is Ra in ?

How many valence electrons does Cs have?

Isotopes Isotopes: atoms of a given element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers Most common examples: Carbon 12, Carbon 13, Carbon 14 Hydrogen 1, Hydrogen 2, Hydrogen 3

Isotopes Isotopes of Different elements? Element D has 6 protons and 7 neutrons Element F has 7 protons and 7 neutrons First, look at the number of protons. If they have the same # of protons they are the same element

Isotopes 12 C 13 C 14 C -6_(#p) -6 (#p) -6_(#p)____ 6 (#n) 7(#n) 8 (#n) If it has an atomic number of 6, and therefore 6 protons- it is ALWAYS carbon *Let’s practice on the isotope worksheet