Caroline Cuerden crcuerden@gmail.com MegaMaths Caroline Cuerden crcuerden@gmail.com

In this workshop we will explore simple, fun, practical, food based activities for using and applying Mathematics in the classroom for Early Years and KS1 and 2. Try out and take away Cakes in Cups calculations, ratio kebabs and foodie fractions and other ideas to bring the primary maths curriculum alive in your classroom. In this session you will have opportunities to explore; simple calculating, estimating, measuring and weighing tasks using real-life examples from E2BN’s Cookit and other resources.

Using and Applying Maths Why do it? Food based maths presents real life problem solving challenges and applications. ‘Mathematical learning should be grounded in the concrete experience’. London Mathematical Society -2014 Effective Mathematics teaching makes use of: ‘structured equipment and everyday materials to model mathematical concepts, supporting children’s mathematical thinking and development of mental imagery.’DfE-2015 De-abstract- the abstract. And because…

“Play is the highest form of research”- Albert Einstein

Ratio Kebabs Explore simple (and complex) concepts. Counting out. How many? One more, one less? 2. Copying: make a kebab for a friend to copy. What needs to go on first, second etc? Explore Pattern sequences and match them. How many ways are there of arranging 3 fruits on a kebab? Describe the fractions of fruit in your kebabs? Make a kebab that is 1/3rd banana and 2 /3rds grape. Ratio Problem solving: How many combinations of kebab can you make with 3 fruit using the following ratio: 2:3, label your answers. Scale up kebabs keeping the same ratio.

What’s the learning? 3-5 7-11 Shape, position and movement: Pattern sequences Counting Counting out and on 5-7 Problem solving- How many ways? Number: recognise and show, using diagrams, equivalent fractions with small denominators  add and subtract fractions with the same denominator within one whole Measures: Understand eqiuvalance metric and imperial

KS1-Cakes in Cups INGREDIENTS • 1 slice of butter 1cm thick (30g) • 6 squares of milk chocolate (30g) • 1 egg • 2 tbsp caster sugar • ½ tsp vanilla extract • 4½ tbsp plain flour • ½ tsp baking powder METHOD In a mug: melt the butter with the chocolate in the microwave for 30 to 40 seconds (800 watts). Beat the mixture until smooth, then allow it to cool slightly. One by one, whisk in the egg, sugar, vanilla sugar, flour and baking powder. Cook in the microwave for one minute 20 seconds (800 watts). Allow to cool for one minute before eating. Idea for gifts: Use the Chocolate chip cookie recipe- this will work as an all in one. Layer in the dry ingredients, add a label with the method and extra ‘wet’ ingredients to be added (Use the grams version).

KS2-Cupcakes Apple and Carrot Muffins: 120ml (4 fl oz) vegetable oil 3 eggs, lightly beaten 50g (2 oz) soft brown sugar 50g (2 oz) caster sugar 2 carrots, grated 2 apples, peeled and grated  5 ml (1 tsp) vanilla extract   90g (3 1/2 oz) wholemeal flour 100g (4 oz) self- raising flour 1 tbsp (15ml) baking powder 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) baking soda 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) salt 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) ground cinnamon 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) ground ginger 75g (3 oz) raisins or sultanas

¼ of the cakes must have decorations with 2 lines of symmetry, 25% of your cakes must have blue icing, 50 % with chocolate icing, 1/3rd of your cakes should be decorated with chocolate chips and 1/4 with sprinkles. All cakes must be decorated with icing and a topping. Can this be done? Record your findings. Can you make up your own problem- solveable but tricky! Cake problem Your group will need: 12 cakes, knives for spreading, chocolate icing, blue icing and vanilla icing, chocolate chips, sprinkles and one other topping.

What’s the learning? 3-5 5-7 cont 7-11 Counting: Multiplication and division: Arrays Counting in pairs as base for multiplying How many lots of 2, 3, 4? 7-11 Measures: Use metric measures accurately Shape: Symmetry, non-symmetry of decorations Ideas: scale the recipe so everyone in the class can have a cake Percentages and fractions Counting: Simple measuring (by size) Sequencing- first, second 5-7 Measures: Weigh and measure out Read scales Set times on a clock Measure capacity

What’s the hidden learning? For Them For You Opportunity for maths talk and thinking- accuracy, counting in pairs- arrays as prep for multiplication, Practice with a range of common measures- ml, g Measure solids and liquids Learning from peers Have fun Good opportunity for observation and assessment Provide concrete experience to support formulation of abstract concepts Engage and inspire students

Food Fractions: What fraction is shaded? This requires an understanding of an abstract based on an understanding of concrete experience.

1. Cut things into fractions and name them- an apple in half, concept of equal parts- 1 of 2 pieces, one half. 2. Explore numerators and denominators with traybakes or sandwiches. Back to the shading question… Garibaldi biscuits activity:

1. Use the biscuits to bridge the gap. Eat ¼ shade ¼. Garibaldi Activity 2. Now transfer this to a number line. Now you can start to count in fractions to whole numbers. Easily transferring concrete to abstract. 1. Use the biscuits to bridge the gap. Eat ¼ shade ¼.

E2BN Food Groups Activity http://cookit.e2bn.org/activities/

National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics: 2006 study Real – Real life maths provides: higher levels of motivation almost limitless resources an opportunity to see maths as cross-curricular greater curiosity leading to more effective exploration creative ideas driving investigations meaningful application of problem solving strategies and thinking skills a heightened sense of purpose and relevance the all important bridge between theory and reality greater independence and an improved attitude to learning

Foodie Fractions Sharing foods- fruit portions Unfairly sharing- ‘halves’ to understand equal parts concept Laying out in arrays 1 tray has 12 cakes, one cake is 1/12th. Numerators and denominators. Sandwiches- halves, quarters and thirds. Recognise common fractions when they look different: Triangles, rectangles and squares Food fraction games: https://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storyCode=6080380&s_cid=RESads_ks1Fractions Nice pizza fractions activity and display idea: http://blog.tpet.co.uk/posts/christina/yummy-pizza-fractions/ Food Fractions games: http://nrich.maths.org/8957 Food project- weight and measures and fractions: http://www.teachitprimary.co.uk/1246

Here’s some I made earlier… Measured Meringues Eggy Estimation Activity Food Groups percentages activity More ideas and resources Play dough recipe

Measured Meringues (KS2) Microwave Meringues Problem: How do we make sure everyone gets a meringue? Provide clean rulers, eating knives, scales, chopping board or paper plates. Encourage Estimation and measuring Recipe: 300g icing sugar: 1 egg white. Microwave 1m 30 seconds (approx).

Eggy Estimations- The ‘I like cake but I have no scales’ problem. A sponge cake has equal weights of sugar, butter, flour and eggs. Make a cake using an egg for your unit of measurement. Test your estimates by making the cakes! Eggy estimate Cupcakes: One egg (out of it’s shell) weighs about 50g! After your bake: Can you write a recipe using metric units (based on your egg estimate) to make 12 cupcakes?

No Cook-Play dough Recipe 1: From our American friends- it’s a good one though. 2 cups plain flour 2 tablespoons vegetable oil 1/2 cup salt 2 tablespoons cream of tartar Up to 1.5 cups boiling water (adding in increments until it feels just right) food colouring (optional) few drops glycerine (optional- adds more shine!) Mix the flour, salt, cream of tartar and oil in a large mixing bowl Add food colouring TO the boiling water then into the dry ingredients (colour optional) Stir continuously until it becomes a sticky, combined dough Add the glycerine (optional) Allow it to cool down then take it out of the bowl and knead it vigorously for a couple of minutes until all of the stickiness has gone. * This is the most important part of the process, so keep at it until it’s the perfect consistency!* (If it remains a little sticky then add a touch more flour until just right) Note – use gel colours they are brighter and less wet!

Further Estimations-Measuring KS1 ideas Everyday estimation ideas and interactive games http://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/estimation.html Make simple estimates bigger than, smaller than. Order objects by estimating length, height and then check using simple measures or object comparison https://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/y1--estimating-worksheets-6145252 KS2 Ideas Does every country ‘measure’ food in the same way? Compare a recipe in cups Open into wider world of measuring- How did Romans measure ? E2BN Roman Pack explores Roman Science and Technology, including activities involving measuring in a problem solving context. http://www.e2bn.org/products/ Everyday estimation ideas and interactive games http://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/estimation.html Ancient Egyptians had a cubit-52.4 cm/ the length of a man’s forearm. After approx. 1000years they created standardised rods for measuring. Why do you think they did this?

Further Cupcake Calculations: Arrays, Using scales, ratio and proportion etc KS1 Measuring length and weight: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks1/maths/length_and_weight/play/ Arrays and multiplication: http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/maths/calculations/multiplication-activities.html#.VYRMevlViko Arrays: https://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/year-1-multilplication--repeated-addition-and-arrays-11005727 Using a balance game: http://www.teacherled.com/resources/oldscales/oldscalesload.html KS2 Ideas Using balance scales with adjustable weight items: http://www.crickweb.co.uk/ks2numeracy-shape-and-weight.html Ratio and proportion, Cambridge University site: http://nrich.maths.org/8959 Measures games: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/maths/shape_space/measures/play/

E2BN Resources Links Halving and doubling: cottage pie Measuring: Apple and Carrot Muffins Or go savoury with Rosemary and Parmesan Muffins And measuring tips: http://cookit.e2bn.org/cooking/ Fractions: by dividing mixture, making arrays butterfly cakes or gingered bread Halving and doubling: cottage pie Ratio: winter smoothie or Fruit Kebabs Imperial Measures: Apple Brown Betty Percentages: http://cookit.e2bn.org/activities/

Other information Numeracy and Cooking rationale: https://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/upper-ks2-numeracy-through-cooking-6429032 Maths and food activity: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zwxpvcw Cooking and Maths ideas : http://cookit.e2bn.org/teachers/guidance-lessonplan-196-calculate-with-cookit.html What skills are age appropriate? http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/guide-cookery-skills-age Early Years Maths: http://earlyyearsmaths.e2bn.org/