Section 1-The Industrial Revolution Chapter 12 Section 1-The Industrial Revolution

By mid 1700’s – greater demand for _____________ goods. The need to make things more efficient led to the _________________ ________________

Industrial Revolution Period of rapid growth in using _____________ for manufacturing and production Began in ______________ Machines too large to be kept in ________________ homes

Textile Industry Produced _____________ items

Richard Arkwright 1769- invented the ___________ ____________ - large spinning machine

Effect Used ______________ as power source Creation of large ___________ and ____________ Produced cloth ______________ and ____________ Britain made it _____________ for any skilled mechanic or machine plans to leave the country

Samuel Slater Memorized the designs of _____________ machines Disguised himself as a farmer to immigrate to the __________ Formed a partnership with ___________ __________ and William Almy in 1793 and opened the first mill in Pawtucket, __________ ____________ Became rich

Eli Whitney 1798- proposed to mass produce ___________ for the government “I am persuaded that machinery moved by water {and} adapted to this business would greatly reduce the labor and facilitate {ease} the manufacture of this article.” Made ______________________ parts Easy to assemble Able to replace ______________ parts Sped up mass production of _____________

War of 1812 Americans weren’t able to get manufactured goods from overseas due to _______________. Americans ______________ British products that Americans also produced. “to be independent for the comforts of life we must fabricate {make} them ourselves” Thomas Jefferson Caused a _____________ in American factories People begin _____________ in manufacturing. Americans had relied too much on ___________ goods which made them ________ and open to attack.

Section 2

Rhode Island System _____________ found it hard to find workers for new factories Switched to hiring __________. (children paid much less than adults for same work) Built ____________for workers (Slatersville) Built ___________ _______ were workers could purchase needed items (sometimes paid workers with a store credit)

Lowell System Changed textile industry in the ______________ Employed young unmarried ____________ $2-$4 a week 12-14 hour days Provided ______________________ where the women lived and ate Paid $1.25 for room and board First factory in ____________, Massachusetts in 1874 very successful. Largest factory in ___________, Massachusetts Girls called ____________ girls

Lowell (cont) Women encouraged to take classes, form women clubs, etc in free time __________ ____________ wrote the magazine “Lowell Offering” about the mill Girls generally stayed at the mill for ________ years.

Effects Long hours Life controlled by the ____________ __________ _______ caused health problems Loud noise cause _____________ ________ Machines set at increasing higher speeds sometimes caused ___________ and ____________

Factory Goods ______________ priced than shop created goods Produced ____________ than shop created goods Competition between shop and factories cause ________________ in pay for workers

Trade Unions 1840’s- immigrants willing to work for _________ pay Skilled workers face low wages and loss of jobs to ________________ Form __________ unions to protect jobs, improve __________ and working conditions Employers didn’t want to hire _______ workers and believed the higher costs prevented competition Labor- staged strikes for better ______________ and working conditions Courts and police support companies not the workers

Sarah G. Bagley 1844- founded _____________ Female __________ ____________ Association 1845- elected vice-president of the New England Working ______________ Association Goals Fight for a _______ hour work day End __________ labor Improve working conditions

Section3

Transportation Revolution Created a __________ in business Reduced _______________ time and cost Caused by ___________________ Steam-powered ____________

Steamboat 1803- ______________ _____________ created first full-sized commercial steamboat, _____________. Traveled against the river current and didn’t rely on _____________ power Increased ____________ because able to move goods quickly and cheaply 1850’s- carried people and goods across the _____________ ___________.

Gibbons vs Ogden Conflict over _________________ commerce 1819- Ogden sued Gibbons for operating in waters that Ogden said he owned. Gibbons said that his ____________ license gave him the right to use the _________ _______ waterways. 1824- case went to the ____________ _______ Decision- reinforced the federal governments authority to regulate trade between ____________ Ends monopolies

Railroads 1830- Peter Cooper-created a small locomotive, __________ _______________. Race between train and horse drawn cart proved the power and speed of the ___________ 1860- ______________ miles of track Linked every major ___________ Hauled __________________ from manufactories and farms to distant markets Became the most powerful business Fastest form of __________________- people more worried over keeping to the schedule than staying on the track

Railroad- Changes Brought ___________ to distant markets quicker and cheaper Helped create a ________________ economy Helped link ____________________ together Wealth centered in the ____________ Contributed to the expansion of new businesses Logging industry, newspapers, etc. Contributed to the expansion of the __________ borders Towns grew at railroad junctions and suffered if not connected by railroad Brought new ____________ and ______________ materials Created ________________ in the nation

Fuel Changes _______________ used as primary fuel source in transportation and homes Switch to _______________ because it produced twice as much energy as wood. Began coal mining industry in _______, western _____________, and Illinois New towns Deep gashes in the earth Used to heat new metal (___________)

Section 4 Technological Advances

Samuel F. B. Morse Created the _______________- device that sent pulses of electric current through wire Alfred Lewis Vail- developed _________ Code- system of dots and dashes to represent letters sent through the telegraph People thought Morse was pretending to receive messages. 1844- sent news of the Democratic Conventions presidential candidate nomination to _______________, D.C. quickly Began to follow the ________________ lines

Factories Switch from _________ power to _________ power Move factories away from _____________ Easier access to workers so able to pay lower wages __________________ shipping costs

John Deere 1837- designed a steel ___________ Enabled farmers to plow more land and grow more crops in the _______________

Cyrus McCormick 1831- created the mechanical ___________- harvesting machine Gave demonstrations, advertised, repair and parts department, allowed farmers to buy on ______________ Allowed farmers to produce _____________ crops

Home Improvements Sewing Machine- invented by ________ ______ 1830’s – ______________ were invented- store fresh food longer 1830’s – _____________ were invented Cook ________ replaced cook fires and hearths. 1849- safety pin was invented by Walter Hunt Mass production of goods also made other inventions affordable to the average person ____________ Alexis de Tocqueville- “{Americans want} to be always making life comfortable and convenient”