Chapter 1 The study of change

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Inorganic chemistry Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa  Measurement in Scientific study.  General Features of SI Units.  Some Important.
Advertisements

Why is a standard measurement system important?
Measuring Matter Chapter 2 Section 2.
Scientific experiments often involve making measurements We use the metric system in science! We measure length, weight and mass, area and volume, density,
SI Units.  Students know how to… ◦ convert between °C - °K ◦ Analyze situations/solve problems combining and applying concepts.
Chapter 1 Lesson 3 (cont.) “How to Use the S.I. System”
1-2 Describing Matter. MATTER anything that has mass and volume.
Slide 1 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The International System of Units > 3.2 Measuring with SI Units The five SI base units commonly used by.
The Metric System Is used in nearly every country around the world. The United States of America doesn’t use the metric system for it’s primary measurement.
Units and Dimensional Analysis. Chapter 3 - Goals 1. Know and understand the metric system. 2. Be able to use units in performing mathematical operations.
Density Chapter 3 Lesson 1. Mass Mass is how much “stuff” is in something.
The Metric System UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Use SI units — based on the metric system LengthMassVolumeTimeTemperature meter, m kilogram, kg seconds, s Celsius.
Metric System International System of Units (SI).
Units of Measurement Ch 1.4. Units of Measurement Many properties of matter are quantitative; that is, they are associated with numbers. When a number.
Chapter 1.4. < BackNext >PreviewMain Tools for Measuring Tools for Analyzing Stopwatches, metersticks, thermometers, and balances are examples of tools.
Measurement College Chemistry Stating a Measurement In every measurement there is a  Number followed by a  Unit from a measuring device The number.
Measuring Matter Chapter 13 Section 2. What do scientist use to measure matter? What is the difference between weight and mass?
A universal language of measurement
Chapter 2 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Units of Measurement Measurements represent quantities. A quantity is something that has magnitude,
Chapter 3 Sections 3 and 5 Metric System -universal system of measurement used by scientists globally (SI) -based on scales/multiples of 10 -uses prefixes.
SI Base Units of Measurement in Chemistry. SI Units for Mass and Volume Mass: the amount of matter that an object contains –Base Unit: gram –Most Common.
1. Any data or value is expressed in terms of a number [quantity] and a unit [describing the type of measurement] Meet me in 5…. 5 minutes? 5 weeks?5.
Collecting Evidence Introduction to Measurement Chemistry and Physics of Forensics.
 Measurement  SI units  Mass and weight  Volume  Temperature scales Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI.
1 Chapter 2 Analyzing Data Section 2.1 Units and Measurement Essential Questions: What are some SI base units and derived units How does adding a prefix.
General Chemistry I Chem 110. أستاذة / إنعـــــام الحارثي الساعات المكتبية 9-10 يوم الأحد 9-10:30 يوم الأربعاء كلية العلوم –
Chapter One Introduction. What is Chemistry? Chemistry is Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass Thus Matter is everything around us. Chapter.
General Chemistry I Chem 110
Measurement Chapter 2 Section 1. Standard measurement System The universal system of measurement is the metric system. The metric system is based around.
CHAPTER 1, SECTION 2 Standards of Measurement. IS AN EXACT QUANTITY THAT PEOPLE AGREE TO USE TO COMPARE MEASUREMENTS WHY WOULD A STANDARD BE IMPORTANT?
THE METRIC SYSTEM The International System of Units and
Dr. Laila Mohammed Al-Harbi Assistant professor Contact Info: Web Site:
Dr. Laila Mohammed Al-Harbi Assistant professor Contact Info: Web Site:
Dr. Laila Mohammed Al-Harbi Assistant professor Contact Info: Web Site:
Describing Matter Holt Chapter 1.2 Deborah Yager.
THE METRIC SYSTEM The International System of Units and
Chapter 1 The Nature of Science.
Measurement is used to measure quantities
Science.
1.3 Measurement Chapter 1, Section 3 Page 16.
Data Collection and Analysis
Chapter 2 SI Units part I SI Units.
Measure for Measure Chapter 1 Sec 3
MEASUREMENT IN SCIENCE
DENSITY - an important and useful physical property
أسئلة مراجعه للباب الأول Revision of Chapter 1 Matter & Measurements
Nature of Science Metric System-International System of Units (SI)
Metric Review.
Chemistry: The Study of Change
Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Measuring Matter Ch. 1 Sec. 4 Measurement.
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 3.2 Units of Measurement
Chapter 3 Review “Scientific Measurement”
Warm Up:.
CHEM 110 Dr. Suzan A. Khayyat.
The Metric System Packet # 8 Sunday, December 02, 2018.
THE SI system and units of measurement
Chapter 3 – Scientific Measurement
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 3.3 Solving Conversion Problems
Chemistry 4/5/2019 Dr Seemal jelani.
Chapter 1 Using SI Units.
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Units of Measurement Section 2.2.
Chapter 1: The Nature of Science and Technology
CHEM 101 General Chemistry ( 1 )
Measurement and Chemistry.
MEASUREMENT IN SCIENCE
Metric Review.
Mr. Fetch's Earth Science Class
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 The study of change Measurement SI units Mass and weight Volume Temperature scales Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Objectives By the end of this chapter you should: Know the 7 SI basic units and their prefixes. Be able to convert from one unit to other. Know to derive units from the 7 SI basic units. Common units (L & mL) Know the temperature Scales Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Introduction Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes There are three states of matter solid liquid gas Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

1.7 Measurement and Units The International System of units (SI Units) used for commerce and science around the world Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Examples The SI unit of mass is (a) The pound (b) The gram (c) The kilogram (d) The mole The Kg is the SI unit of (a) length (b) mass (c) temperature (d) current عزيزتي الطالبة تعلمي بناء بنك أسئلة الخاصة بك ... ومن الجدول السابق نجد انه يمكننا عمل 14 سؤال اما بالسؤال عن الوحده الاساسية كما في المثال الاول أو السؤال عن الكمية مثل السؤال الثاني

1m هذا الجدول يعطي الكمية بالمقارنه بالمتر مثلا الواحد كيلو يساوي 1000 متر و ممكن استخدام طريقة الطرفين بالوسطين لمعرفة الكمية المطلوبة مثل الامثلة التي سنراها في الامثلة التالية Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

To transfer between perifexs A) use numerical line خط الاعداد B) use transfer factor معامل التحويل للتحويل من الوحدة الأساسية و مضاعفتها أو المشتقات يمكننا استخدام خط الاعداد أو استخدام معامل التحويل (بضرب الطريفين في الوسطين ). Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

للتحويل من صغير الى كبير نقسم ÷ , للتحويل من كبير الى صغير نضرب × T G M K SI d c m µ n p 103 10 1012 109 106 102 معامل التحويل بهذا الاتجاه تزيد الوحده وحدة صغيرة وحدة كبيرة للتحويل من صغير الى كبير نقسم ÷ , للتحويل من كبير الى صغير نضرب × عند استخدام طريقة خط الاعداد اضربي في معامل التحويل كما هو – بعض الطالبات يتلخبطوا بين هذه الطريقة و الجدول يمكنكم استنتاج الجدول من خط الاعداد ببساطة مثلا 1 تترا تكافئ = 1 اس 12 متر بينما 1 بيكومتر = 1 اس -12 لماذ؟ لاننا حولنا من صغير الى كبير فقسمنا فتحول المعامل الى سالب للتحويل من الوحده الاساسية و مضاعفتها أو المشتقات يمكننا استخدام خط الاعداد أو استخدام معامل التحويل (بضرب الطريفين في الوسطين ) و لكن لا تخلطي بين الطريقتيين كما أن الطريقتين يعطوا نفس النتيجة اذا تم استخدامها بنفس بطريقة صحيحة. Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

1 pm = 1×10-12 m 134 pm = ?? m Convert 134 pm to m? How many meters are in 134 pm? الحل باستخدام خط الاعداد للتحويل من صغير الى كبير نقسم ÷ 1 pm = 1×10-12 m 134 pm = ?? m الحل باستخدام الجدول طرفين في وسطين عزيزتي الطالبة لا تجعلي صيغة السؤال تغير من طريقة حلك بالرغم من اختلاف الصيغتين فان السؤال واحد و هو تحويل 134 بيكومتر الى متر لو استخدمنا طريقة خط الاعداد نظمي طريقة حلك حددي الوحده المعطاة ثم الوحدة المطلوبة حددي العملية ثم المعامل و توجدي الحل بسهولة 134 ×1×10-12 m = 1.34×10-10 m Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Examples The SI prefixes giga and micro represent, respectively: B. 106 and 10-3. C. 103 and 10-3. D. 109 and 10-6. The SI unit of mass is (a). The pound (b). The gram (c). The kilogram (d). The mole. Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

s µs 1 How many microseconds are in a second? (a). 1 x 10-1 (b). 1 x 10-6 (c). 1 x 10-15 (d). 1 x 10 6 Explanation: Since the prefix micro means 1 x 10-6, there will be 1 x 10 + 6 microseconds in one second. 1 µs= 1 x 10 -6 s x µs = 1 s s µs 1 x 10 6 1 x 10 6 µs Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Put all of them in the same unit Example Which of the following is the smallest distance? (a) 21 m → 21m (b) 2.1 x 102 cm → 2.1m (c) 21 mm → 0.021 m (d) 2.1 x 104 pm → 2.1 x 10-8 m Put all of them in the same unit Explanation: Even though 2.1 x 104 is the largest number in this question, the units of pm (picometers) are the smallest units here, making it the smallest distance. لا يمكننا مقارنة قيم عددية لوحدات مختلفة لذلك يجب تحويلها لنفس الوحده حتى تكون المقارنة سهله Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

A) 6.0 km is how many micrometers?  Solution 1 1 km = 103 m 6 km = x = 6 × 103 m 1µm = 1× 10-6 m x = 6 × 103 m x = 6 × 109µm km µm × 6 109 6 × 109 Explanation: convert first to meter then from meter to micro ( two steps solution ) Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Which of these quantities represents the largest mass? A. 2.0  102 mg Example The diameter of an atom is approximately 1  10-7 mm. What is this diameter when expressed in nanometers?  A. 1  10-18 nm B. 1  10-15 nm C. 1  10-9 nm D. 1  10-1 nm = 1× 10-7 × 1 × 106 = 1 × 10-1 nm = 0.1 nm Example Which of these quantities represents the largest mass?  A. 2.0  102 mg B. 0.0010 kg C. 1.0  105 g D. 2.0  102 cg Put all of them in the same unit A) 0.2 g B)1 g C) 0.1 g D) 2 g لكي نختار الوحده أو الاكبر يجب وضعها بنفس الوحده حتى نقارن بينهم Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

SI derived units are defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. The SI derived units for these derived quantities are obtained from these equations and the seven SI base units. For example Area = width x length Unit of width = m Unit of length = m Unit of Area = m× m = m2 Treat units like numbers نظرا لوجود عدد كبير من القوانين ... فانه لايمكن التعبير عنها فقط بالوحدات الاسياسية لذلك نقوم باشتقاق وحدات لهذه الكميات عن طريق وضع القانون للكمية المطلوبة ثم التعويض بوحدة كل كمية و معاملة الوحدات معاملة الارقام من حيث الضرب و القسمة Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Volume – Volume = width × length × heights = m × m × m = m3 SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3) Common unit of volume is liter (L) and milliliter (ml) The relation ship between liter (L) and ml (1L= 1000mL) The relation ship between liter (L) and metric system 1 L = 1 dm3 The relation ship between milliliter (ml) and metric system 1 mL = 1 cm3 1 dm3 = (1 x 10-1 m)3 = 1 x 10-3 m3 1 cm3 = (1 x 10-2 m)3 = 1 x 10-6 m3 Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

How many liters are in 25 dm3 ? Example (1) Example (3) How many liters are in 25 dm3 ? Science 1L = 1 dm3 25 dm3 = 25L How many liters are in 250 cm3 ? Science 1L = 1 dm3 and 1mL = 1 cm3 250 cm3 = 250 mL L → mL 250/1000 = 0.25 L Example (2) How many milliliters are in 32 cm3 ? Science 1mL = 1 cm3 32 cm3 = 32 mL Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Examples How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?  A. 1  10-6 cm3 B. 1  10-3 cm3 C. 1  10-2 cm3 D. 1  106 cm3 Solution (1m )3 = (cm )3 1m3 = (1  102)3 cm 3 1m3 = 1  106 cm3 The diameter of an atom is approximately 1  10-7 mm. What is this diameter when expressed in nanometers?  A. 1  10-18 nm B. 1  10-15 nm C. 1  10-9 nm D. 1  10-1 nm Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

The weight of man on earth is 50 pounds. Mass and Weight Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 103 g Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object. The Mass of an object doesn't change when an object's location changes. Weight, on the other hand does change with location. Chemist are interested primarily in mass weight = c x mass The weight of man on earth is 50 pounds. is 8.25 pounds on moon Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Density mass SI derived unit for density is kg/m3 density = volume Density is defined as the amount of matter in a given amount of space. SI derived unit for density is kg/m3 common units of density are g/mL , g/L Density decrease with temperature (g/ml )g/cm3 for liquid and solids g/L = 0.001g/ml for gases Because density of gases are very low density = mass volume The density of copper is 8.94 g/cm3. Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Questions in Density Given Given m & V Given m & d V & d ? d ? V ? m d = m/V Given m & d ? V V = m /d Given V & d ? m m = d x V تذكري أنه لو كان لدي قانون فيه ثلاث متغيرات ممكن يأتي السؤال بأكثر من صيغة بأن يعطيك قيمتين و يطلب الثالث كما هو موضح في الشكل

Example 1.1 A piece of Gold metal has a volume of 15.6 cm3, with a mass of 301 g What is its density? A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm3 has a volume of 4.49 cm3. What is its mass? d = m V d = m V m = d x V 301 g/ 15.6 cm3 = 19.3 g/ cm3 = 21.5 g/cm3 x 4.49 cm3 = 96.5 g Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Example 1.2 The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL has a volume of 5.50 mL. What is its mass? The density of sulfuric acid is 1.41 g/mL has a volume of 242 mL. What is its mass? d = m V d = m V m = d x V = 13.6 g/mL x 5.50 mL = 74.8 g m = d x V = 1.41 g/mL x 242 mL = 341.22 g Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Fahrenheit °F: °F = [ (9/5) × °C] + 32 Temperature Scales Fahrenheit °F: °F = [ (9/5) × °C] + 32 Celsius °C: °C = (5/9) (°F - 32) Kelvin K: K = °C + 273.15 Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Temperature Units Conversion Degrees Celsius 0C: Scale 0 → 100 Thus: 100 divisions or 100 degrees 2. Kelvin K: Scale 273 → 373 Thus: 100 divisions or 100 degrees 1K = 1 C 3. Degrees Fahrenheit 0F : Scale from 32→ 212 Thus: 180 divisions or 180 degrees Thus: the size of degree in 0F scale is only 100/180 or 5/9 of a degree on the 0C scale 10F = (5/9) 10C

Example 1.3 Convert -452 0F to degrees Celsius. Convert 224 0C to degrees Fahrenheit? °F = (9 0F /5 0C) × °C + 32 [°F = (9 0F /5 0C) × 224 °C] + 32 0C = 435 0F Convert -452 0F to degrees Celsius. °C = (5 0C /9 0F) (°F - 32 0F) °C = (5 0C /9 0F) (-452 °F - 32 0F) = -269 0C Convert -38.9 0C to degrees Kelvin.. ° K = [-38.9 °C + 273.15 °C ] × 1 K/ 1 0C = 234.3 K Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI

Ammonia boils at -33.4C. What temperature is this in F? A. -60.1F B. -92.1F C. -28.1F D. +13.5F F = (9 0F /5 0C) × °C + 32 [°F = (9 0F /5 0C) × -33.4 °C] + 32 0C = - 28.1 0F Dr. LAILA AL-HARBI