Unit 2: Population Pyramids (Again) & Demographic Transition (Again)

The student will be able to… The student will be able to identify and discuss population pyramids best on shape descriptions The student will be able to further understand the demographic transition model

Did you ask…. Where does the information come from Did you ask….Where does the information come from?  really should always ask this Some countries, like the U.S., utilize a census Census : A count of the number of people in a country, region, or city.” (Knox 2014). Census will usually get other data; like family size, marriage, education, income etc. In U.S. we have a census every ten years; it’s even mandated by law and has been happening since 1790. The information is used for the House of Representatives Lots of limitations: people may not answer honestly, not comprehensive, and homeless people, and SUPER expensive; many countries can’t afford Vital Records: “report births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and the incidence of certain infection diseases.” (Knox, 2014).

Population Pyramids…. Quick clarification; in your Getis et al. textbook it lists population as a % of the total, you will also see where it’s just listed in numbers. Population pyramids do not have to just be for a country, they can be for a state, a city, or a region. Changing spatial perspective (Micro to Macro). Population pyramids also have names to the shapes Cup Evergreen/Christmas Tree Box

What the Shapes Mean…. Evergreen/Christmas Tree Shape Box The Cup The country is developing, it has slow growth rates, high birth rates, and a short life expectancy. Examples: Chad, Namibia, Bangladesh Box The country is developed, it has slow growth, low infant mortality, slow population growth, and a long life expectancy. Examples include: U.S.A The Cup Country is developed, negative growth, low birth rate, shrinking population, long life expectancy. Examples include: Italy and Japan

Demographic Transition….Again Demographic Transition: “A process of change in a society's population and from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population. The process consists of four stages.” (Rubeinstein, 2014).

StaGe 1 NO COUNTRY IS IN STAGE!!! NEVER. No. There’s no current country in stage 1. I promise. It’s not a lie, just accept this. There are some tribes that could be considered in stage 1. Sometimes when a country undergoes a really bad civil war, then it might be considered stage 1, but even then; don’t try and use it. Stage 1 is characterized by hunting and gathering.

Stage 2 A lot of countries are arguably in stage 2. Most of Europe and North America entered stage 2 in industrial revolution Africa, Asia, and Latin America: 1950’s Image is of Cape Verde

Stage 3 Countries move to Stage 3 when CBR drops a lot. (Narrower gap between CBR and CDR) More likely to live in cities (less reliance on land) Occurs for Europe and U.S. in early 20th century Image Is for Chile (1960 is 3rd)

Stage 4 Stage is when CBR and CDR are almost equal. Zero population growth Higher education women Image of Denmark

Things to Keep in mind with the demographic transition model This model is based entirely off of observing European countries. The model also argues that all countries can go through the Demographic Transition BUT….not all have, and based on wealthier countries (core countries taking wealth, seems doubtful all can go through)

Why does it Matter? Population numbers are better visualized in a population pyramid. Understanding how the population is distributed can give insight into policies and resources needed. The census gathers a lot of information , but small businesses benefit greatly through access to this data stores can see where their demographic lives. The composition of the pyramid of a country is going to influence economic development, which influences access to resources (like medical care, female education, contraception). These pieces all fall together in the Demographic Transition Model

Answers to the Packet: Country A

Country A Cup Shape Population is constricting Large number is in the work force Will have to focus on elder care Industrialized Nation

Country B

Country B Evergreen/Christmas Tree Shape Some transition occurring Developing nation Might be concerned on child care issues So-so rates of mortality (better than some, worse than a lot)

Country C

Country C Steep Evergreen/Christmas Tree Shape High Mortality Rate Health care issues Least Developed Nation

Country D

Country D Relatively Stable Population Box Shape Developed Nation

Country e

Country E Evergreen/Christmas Tree shape Developing Nation Mortality Rates Are s0-so This country is the one with a high physiological density

Country F

Country F Irregular Shape Arguably Christmas Tree Shape Developing Nation

CLASS WORK In your groups, use pages 54-56 Foulberg (or Getis if you have it) and determine what stage of the demographic transition model each country is in. Figure 2.13