Sketch by Listening 1. Get into pairs 2. Member A turn your back to the board now – don’t look at the board! 3. Member B describes the object on the next slide so the first member can sketch it as accurately as possible. Describe as much as possible but NOT the shape name – this is taboo

Sketch by Listening 3 Minutes

Passenger Safety

Objectives Learners will be able to: Identify trends changes in road deaths Calculate impact forces List two methods of improving safety State safety precautions for airbag work State the operation of 1 crash sensor type

Annual Road Death UK Year Killed Serious injury Slight injury Total injury 2015 1,732 22,137 162,340 186,209 2014 1,775 22,807 169,895 194,477 2013 1,713 21,657 160,300 181,957 2012 1,754 23,039 170,930 193,969 2011 1,901 23,122 178,927 203,950 2010 1,857 20,803 185,995 206,798 2009 2,222 24,690 195,234 222,146 2008 2,538 26,000 202,333 228,000 2007 2,946 28,000 217,060 245,000 2006 3,172 29,000 226,559 255,000 2005 3,201 238,862 268,000 2004 3,221 31,000 278,000 2003 3,508 34,000 253,000 287,000 2002 3,431 36,000 263,000 299,000 2001 3,450 37,000 273,000 310,000 2000 3,409 38,000 279,000 317,000 1999 3,423 39,000 1998 3,421 41,000 281,000 322,000 1997 3,599 324,000 1990 5,217 60,000 275,000 336,000 1980 5,953 323,000 1970 7,499 356,000 1966 7,985 1960 6,970 341,000 1950 5,012 49,000 148,000 196,000 1941 9,169 1940 8,609 1930 7,305 178,000 1926 4,886

Compulsory motor cycle helmets has had a big effect on road deaths? True or False 20 Seconds

Keep the passenger in the car.

A car with a mass of 2000 kg drives in speed 60 km/h (16 A car with a mass of 2000 kg drives in speed 60 km/h (16.7 m/s) before it crashes in a massive concrete wall. The front of the car impacts 0.5 m (the slow down distance). The impact force can be calculated as F = 1/2 (2000 kg) (16.7 m/s)2 / (0.5 m)     = 558 kN 16.7 x 16.7 = 278.78 278.78 ÷ 0.5 = 557.78 N 558 x1000 = 558000 N = 558 kN

Now carry out the same calculation for a man weighing 80kg at the same speed. 22.3kN

What the law says about seat belt use.

Seat Belts Seat belts restrain passengers during an accident. Made from tough nylon straps. Buckles lock & unlock easily and securely. Spring Spool Belt Retractors hold belt under slight tension. Next >

Seat Belts Seat belts are used to restrain passengers in their seats during an accident. They are made from tough nylon straps. The seat belt buckle provides a strong locking mechanism, but must also be easy to lock and unlock. Seat belts have a retractor that ensures the belt is constantly kept under slight tension. When the belt is removed, the retractor automatically recoils the strap out of the way.

Seat Belts Seat belt reminder systems ensure seat belt is fastened. Warning lamp is illuminated when seat belt is not fastened. Activated by buckle and seat switches. Audible warning systems may be used. Pre-tension systems keep the seat belt tensioned, in the event of a crash. Next >

What is the purpose of the seat belt? Keep the driver in his seat Help the drive keep control Stop drive/passenger from hit the screen Stop the driver falling out of the door 20 Seconds

The most common penalty for not using a seat belt? £100 fixed penalty notice £100 fixed penalty notice & 3 points £60 fixed penalty notice £500 fine and 3 points 30 Seconds

LJ Software 36-65 Body Chapter 16 Legal requirements Seat Belts

Crumple Zone

Supplementary Restraint System

Introduction Airbags help prevent injury in an accident Reasons for airbag handling: Airbag has been deployed. Need to remove steering wheel. Dashboard needs removing. Airbag warning lamp is lit. Next >

Basic Airbag Safety Serious injury may occur if airbag is accidentally deployed. Never have face or body directly in front of airbag. Never put arms through steering wheel spokes. ESD wrist strap may be required to prevent electrical voltage deploying airbag. Wear safety glasses/goggles and latex gloves. Next >

Airbag Disarming Must disarm airbag when working on airbag system. 30 mins Specific instructions will be different, but typical procedures are: Remove negative battery terminal. Remove airbag system fuse. Disconnect airbag connector at steering column base. Allow energy reserve module to fully discharge. Next >

Carrying an Airbag Care must be taken with un-deployed (live) airbags: Ensure eye protection is worn. Keep trim (bag) away from body. Do not drop or strike airbag. Place airbag on bench with trim (bag) pointing upward. Next >

Handling a Deployed Airbag Airbag module powder can cause skin irritation avoid contact. Tape-up airbag vent holes before removing deployed airbag. Vacuum passenger compartment to remove powder. Next >

Airbag Storage and Disposal Store un-deployed (live) airbags in a safety cabinet. Un-deployed airbags must be deployed before they are disposed of. Place deployed airbags in a sealed plastic bag and dispose of following manufacturer and your companies procedures. Next >

If no manufactures data is available how long to discharge air bag after disconnecting battery? 10 minutes Half an hour 20 minutes 5 minutes 30 Seconds

When handling a discharged air bag? Airbag module powder can cause skin irritation avoid contact. Tape-up airbag vent holes before removing deployed airbag. Vacuum passenger compartment to remove powder. All of the above 30 Seconds

Lets go to the Workshop Safety Stay behind barrier Ear Protection

Air Bag Air bag system contains: Impact Sensors. Safing Sensor. Control Module. Air Bag Module. Air bag inflates after large impact. Protects driver and passengers. Air bag lamp on during system self test or fault present. Next >

Impact Sensors Impact sensors detect impact and trigger air bag. Mounting direction Mounting bracket Sensor A typical vehicle has 2 impact sensors and 1 safing sensor. The air bag is triggered by the safing sensor and either impact sensor. Epoxy Wire to control module The safing sensor must activate first. Next >

Impact Sensors Sensor Impact sensors are used to trigger the air bag. They operate when there is a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour. Mounting bracket Typically, a vehicle has 3 sensors. Two impact sensors are located forward of the passenger compartment. One safing sensor is located in various locations in the passenger compartment. Mounting direction In order for the air bag to inflate, the safing sensor and at least one impact sensor must be triggered. Wire to control module The rear safing sensor must close first to avoid accidental deployment of the airbag. Epoxy

Front Sensors A front sensor is a mechanical switch that is closed when it detects a forward deceleration at a rate sustained by a vehicle that is involved in a serious front end collision. Most sensors activate when the deceleration is greater than 4 g.

Front Sensors A front sensor is a mechanical switch that is closed when it detects a forward deceleration at a rate sustained by a vehicle that is involved in a serious front end collision. Most sensors activate when the deceleration is greater than 4 g.

Front Sensors

Front Sensors

Front Sensors

Front Sensors Inertia Force

Front Sensors electrical contact fixed stop offset mass attached to plate electrical contact plate spring

Front Sensors Inertia Force inertia force due to deceleration contacts close

Types of Impact Sensors Magnet and Ball Sensor Ball Magnet Contact Vehicle direction The magnet holds the ball in position. Spring Upon impact, the ball flies against the contact, completing the circuit. Coil Spring Sensor The spring holds the ball in position. Upon impact, the ball flies against the contact, completing the circuit. Next >

Centre sensor - Usually this is a solid state sensor that maintains its characteristics for a long period of time. Typically it is a cantilever onto which is attached a pair of strain gauges; these are connected to a Wheatstone bridge circuit.

Safety Sensor - This sensor is designed to prevent unintentional ignition of the airbag. It is activated at a comparatively low rate of deceleration and is connected in series with the power supply; the airbag will only inflate when the safety sensor switch is closed. This is usually a mercury type sensor.

Capacitor - A capacitor, charged by the battery, provides the system with electrical energy for about 150ms when a collision causes an interruption in the battery supply.

Air bag ignition module - The brain of this module is a microprocessor. Since front and centre sensors are all connected in parallel, any impact detected by any one of these sensors is signalled to the processor. The processor will ignite the squib when the safety switch is closed and the input data compares with the programmed crash data stored in its ROM memory.

Diagnosis and memory module - This works in conjunction with the SRS indicator lamp. When the ignition is switched on, the SRS lamp is illuminated for about 5 seconds to show that the system is serviceable. If no malfunction is detected the safety circuit is deactivated and the squib is made ready for ignition. When the vehicle is in use, the system is being continuously monitored. If a fault is detected the light will be illuminated and a fault code stored.

Fault Diagnosis - The ECU has a self diagnosing and code storage facility. These codes are accessed by a reader. In view of the dangers with tests and repairs of the SRS system, it is essential that the manufacturers instructions are read and followed. All components should be renewed when activated.

Electronic Control Module Monitors inputs from safing and impact sensors. Triggers air bag(s), when appropriate. Self tests circuits to find possible faults. Incorporates backup power supply. Next >

Air Bag Module Usually positioned within centre of steering wheel and glove compartment. Contains igniter, gas generating pellets and air bag. Igniter fires pellets which produce a large volume of nitrogen gas. Gas fills air bag in 50ms. Gas pellets Igniter Air bag Air bag deflates soon afterwards to allow movement. Steering wheel Next >

Extra Safety Features SIPS detects side impacts and triggers air bag in seat. WHIPS = special seat to protect neck and back. Inflatable curtains to protect head. Next >

Seat Belt Pre-Tensioners

Objectives Learners will be able to: Identify trends changes in road deaths Calculate impact forces List two methods of improving safety State safety precautions for airbag work State the operation of 1 crash sensor type