THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 15TH AND 16TH CENTURY AN OVERVIEW

Motivating Factors of Exploration Rise of Nationalism Emergence of Powerful Nation-States in Europe in 1400’s Spain, Portugal, France, England Expansion of Trade and Business Activity Europeans wished to break free from Arab control of Eastern markets Renaissance leads to quest for Knowledge about the world and leads to Scientific Revolution Crusades spreads Christianity *** GOLD, GOD, GLORY There were many factors that would lead Europeans to other parts of the world. They would explore areas in Asia, Africa and eventually the New World. Some individuals were looking for a new life, while others were looking for adventure or wealth. Most historians and others categorize the motivating factors of Exploration into “GOLD GOD and GLORY” as these three were the most common motivating factors.

Map of Europe and Asia

Technology and Exploration Ships bigger and faster Printing press Better compass Astrolabe-latitude location New Weapons-Gun Powder, Cannons, Muskets created strong Navies

Major Nation-States Involved

Portugal Motivation Location Gold Slave Trade-West Africa New Products and Spices Location West Africa Parts of Asia South America (Brazil) Portugal would take the lead in exploration as a result of the investment of Prince Henry, also knows as Henry the Navigator.

Spain 1492 Columbus first Explorer Motivation Gold Location Spread Christianity Location Central, South America and Florida Eventually Southwest North America, coast of Africa, Their race for colonization of North America would end in 1588 when England defeats the Spanish Armada

Columbus actually explored the Caribbean Islands, including the Bahamas, “Hispaniola” (today’s Haiti & Dominican Republic) & Venezuela Today, some still call the Caribbean the “West Indies” because Columbus though he was in India He called the people “Los Indios”

France Motivating Factor Fur Trade Encourage alliances with Native American tribes to serve as hunters Location Today Modern Canada and Great Lakes Regions, parts of South America, Mid-West

England Had most powerful Navy in Europe Motivation Land, trade Location East Coast of North America parts of Canada 1588 Defeats Spanish Armada ends Spanish race for control of North America. England emerges as master of the seas.

Class Starter What were the motivating factors for Exploration? What technology enabled explorers to navigate the seas safer and more efficiently?

Impact of Europeans on Native Americans Native American population decimated by disease and weapons European merchants and monarchs saw opportunity for wealth Ordinary people saw a chance at new life European rivalries Treaty of Tordesillas-Spain and Portugal divide Western hemisphere between them European culture would be transplanted in North America creating a multicultural society

Treaty of Tordisillas

The Columbian Exchange (Video Link) Identify what the Columbian Exchange was What items were exchanged? What are the pros and cons of the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange The global transfer of living things between Eastern and Western Hemisphere Began with Columbus’s first voyage and continues today

Columbian Exchange Map List at least 1 disease, 1 animal, 1 fruit, 1 vegetable, Label Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America, Atlantic Ocean

The Columbian Exchange and YOU (poster) Draw and image of your favorite meal in the middle of your poster. Make it colorful and neat. Identify the parts of the meal (ex. Meatball) For each component you will provide details about its beginnings in the Columbian Exchange and post it on the poster. Ex. Hamburger is made from beef. Beef comes from cows. Cows were a product of the “Old World”

The Columbian Exchange and YOU Meatballs are made from beef. Beef is a product from a cow which is a transfer from the “Old World”

Exit Slip What was the motivation of Spanish Exploration? What was the significance of the English defeat of the Spanish Armada? Would you consider Columbus to be a hero or villain? Site your evidence for your argument?