The role of Frontex in the EU border management A business insight Netherlands-Polish Chamber of Commerce Belgian Business Chamber Warsaw, 7 June 2016 Dirk Vande Ryse Frontex

USA 1880 By boat to the New World Italy 2015 By boat to the Old World

Central Europe 1939 By train escaping Central Europe Balkans 2015 By train to reach Central Europe

East Germany 1961 Crossing the Berlin Wall Balkans 2015 Across the wire fence

Cuba 1959 Cuban refugees make their way to America Greece 2015 Conflict displaced people arrive in Greece

Major causes of displacement Social unrest Climate change War Famine

European Union Member States + Schengen

European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union

Frontex Located in Warsaw, Poland Budget: €254 million in 2016 Staff: 314 in 2016

Today

Criminal networks organizing …

air land sea Border control

Border surveillance

Situation Monitoring Risk Analysis Joint Operations

Incident reporting S1 Incident Reporting Service The Incident Reporting Service ensures efficient data collection, verification, processing, visualization and dissemination during Frontex-coordinated Joint Operations. It can also cover other operational activities as requested by Member States, for example Presidency operations. The Service supports the European Situational Picture (ESP) data-compilation processes. As part of the ESP creation and maintenance, the service provides, in a fast and secure manner, the Joint Operation incident reports to the Eurosur network within the scope of Eurosur application.

Satellite imagery S8 Satellite Imagery Service This service provides end users with optical satellite imagery in support of site monitoring (e.g. maritime areas, ports, coastlines or land borders) based on end user requests. The service can also be used to validate intelligence information (e.g. arrival or departure of a boat in a port) as well as to verify the plausibility of information gathered from debriefing and other similar activities (e.g. mapping and identification of landmarks described).

Eastern Med land/sea border Eastern land border Eastern Med land/sea border Central Med sea border Western Balkan land border Western Med land/sea border Eastern land – 1.206 IM (+77% than in 2014) Eastern Med (aggregated) – 359.171 (+917% than in 2014) Central Med – 128.619 (-8% than in 2014) Western Med (sea) – 3.082 (-16% than in 2014) Western Med (land) – 6.138 (+152% than in 2014) Western Balkans – 5.843 (+20% than in 2014)

Frontex assets at the borders: pooling resources

Cross-border crime

Frontex support: Search and Rescue

Frontex support upon and after disembarkation 1. Detection and interception at sea 2. Disembarkation The support delivered by Frontex as regards the identification starts immediately when the migrants are rescued/intercepted. Each vessel deployed by FX fill a Maritime Incident Report template and send it to the ICC Rome. It contains preliminary information regarding the claimed nationalities of migrants on board and it is forwarded to the local authorities and to FX JSTs and JDTs on spot so preparatory action is taken in advance at the disembarkation places. At disembarkation places first profiling and first debriefing activities take place. The migrants are passing through a procedure called Pre-identification. This activity is done also with the support of FX JST. In case there are certain doubts on the nationality of the migrants they are thoroughly screened by FX GOs. Fingerprinting activities are performed by FX GOs in order to provide additional support to ITA Polizia Stientifica according to the national legislation and in full compliance with the Handbook of COM. No forced fingerprinting is done. In all cases the migrants who request asylum are referred to the national authorities. 4. Registration process 3. Pre-identification

Future outlook: new regulation Assessment Right to intervene? European Border Guard Teams – 1500 Return Office €322 million budget by 2020 1000 staff by 2020 Main novelties: Integrated Border Management defined Shared responsibility European Border Guard Teams (1500) Liaison officers in Member States Right to intervene in Member States upon Council’s decision Return Office, can initiate return operations A gradual increase of the budget. €281 million in 2017, reaching €322 million in 2020 when all additional staff will be recruited. The Agency should reach 1000 staff members by 2020.

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