Topical Tuesday! You will need a sheet of paper numbered 1-8. You will be given a reading passage spread over several slides. Each reading slide will change in just over 1 minute. The time indicator is shown at the bottom. There are 8 multiple choice questions to answer at the end of the reading. You have 45 seconds to answer each before it changes. This activity will be collected by your SOCIAL STUDIES teacher.

Remembering Gandhi NEW DELHI, India (Achieve3000, October 15, 2010). In January 2010, leaders in South Africa held a ceremony to scatter the ashes of Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi was the leader of India's effort to gain independence. It has been six decades since Gandhi's death. Still, his teachings of peace and equal rights for all people continue to encourage. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. In 1888, at the age of 18, Gandhi moved to London, England. There, he attended law school. He returned to India in 1891 to practice law. However, he had little success as a lawyer in his home country. In April 1893, he accepted a position to practice in South Africa. In May 1893, Gandhi arrived in Durban, South Africa. He came to work as a lawyer in the nation's Indian community. At that time, parts of South Africa were ruled by Great Britain.

There was a black majority in South Africa There was a black majority in South Africa. Still, the country was ruled by a smaller group of white people. Many Indian citizens were treated unfairly. Soon after arriving in South Africa, Gandhi experienced the unfairness against Indians in the country. He was removed from a train for refusing to leave a "whites only" area. After that experience, Gandhi was determined to fight for human and civil rights for Indians and other people in South Africa. Gandhi believed the best way to bring about change in society was to practice nonviolent protest. Gandhi would use peaceful efforts all through his life. In 1906, Gandhi challenged a South African law. The law said that Indians had to carry ID and be fingerprinted. Any Indian who could not produce proper paperwork when asked could be fined and sent to prison. Gandhi encouraged Indians in South Africa to openly refuse to follow the act.

He urged them to picket government offices He urged them to picket government offices. He also encouraged Indians to burn ID papers. Over the next eight years, Gandhi continued to contest unfair laws in South Africa. In 1915, Gandhi returned to India. There, he began a peaceful effort to gain independence from Great Britain. The British had controlled India's businesses and government since the early 15th century. By the dawn of the 20th century, the British government had taken more control than ever over India. It created taxes and rules that limited the rights of the Indian people. Gandhi spurred the effort for independence. He traveled the country, helping Indians. He helped them with workers‘ rights, for example. During this time, Gandhi's reputation for helping people grew. He was given the title of Mahatma, or "Great Soul.“During this time, Gandhi started the "non-cooperation" effort.

The effort encouraged Indians to become self sufficient The effort encouraged Indians to become self sufficient. Gandhi called for people to avoid all British products. He also urged citizens not to cooperate with British controlled city governments. He asked parents to remove children from British-run schools. Gandhi never supported violent means. He believed peaceful protests worked better. Gandhi was jailed many times by British officials. Still, he continued to take part in acts of non-cooperation. In 1930, Gandhi urged Indian citizens to stop paying taxes to the British government, particularly the tax on salt. Great Britain had a complete control over salt in the country. It was against the law for people to create their own salt. Gandhi protested the tax by making natural salt from seawater. On March 12, 1930, he set out on foot for a 240-mile march to the Indian coastal village of Dandi. Thousands joined him along the way. On April 5, 1930, the group arrived at Dandi.

There, the protestors broke the law by collecting lumps of sea salt There, the protestors broke the law by collecting lumps of sea salt. The Salt March did not bring about the end of the salt tax. However, it did bring worldwide attention to India's struggle for independence. In 1942, Gandhi and the Indian National Congress passed the Quit India Resolution. The resolution demanded that Great Britain grant India complete independence. In 1947, the British agreed. Great Britain passed the Indian Independence Act. On August 15th, India was granted full independence. Only a few months later, on January 30, 1948, Gandhi was murdered. He was killed by a man who was angered by Gandhi's message of peace and equality. Gandhi's messages of peace and nonviolence have spread across the world. His teachings have encouraged many civil rights leaders. One was Martin Luther King, Jr., who worked for American civil rights.

1. Which best replaces the question mark in the box to the right? The "non-cooperation" effort encouraged Indians to become self-sufficient. Gandhi was given the title of Mahatma, or "Great Soul." Thousands of people joined Gandhi on a march to protest a tax on salt. Gandhi was jailed many times by British officials.

2. The article states: In January 2010, leaders in South Africa held a ceremony to scatter the ashes of Mohandas Gandhi. Which is the closest synonym for the word scatter? Crush Regard Spread Destroy

3. Which of these happened last? Gandhi made natural salt from seawater. Gandhi attended law school in London, England. Gandhi arrived in Durban, South Africa. Gandhi became president of the Indian National Congress.

4. Suppose you were writing a summary of the news article 4. Suppose you were writing a summary of the news article. Which would be most important to include in a summary? Dandi is a coastal village in India. Gandhi believed in peaceful protest to spur change. Gandhi was jailed by British officials. Martin Luther King, Jr. worked for civil rights.

5. The article states: Gandhi was the leader of India's effort to gain independence. Which would be the closest synonym for the word gain? Achieve Celebrate Attempt Consider

6. Which question is not answered by the article? Who is one leader that was encouraged by Gandhi's teachings? Where was Gandhi's favorite place to visit in India? What were some peaceful protests that Gandhi encouraged? Why was Gandhi given the title Mahatma?

7. The article states:He was removed from a train for refusing to leave a "whites only" area. The author most likely included this sentence in order to __________. Explain why Gandhi set out on foot to the village of Dandi Show that Gandhi was sorry that he went to London, England Describe the unfairness that South Africans faced in India Explain why Gandhi started to work for human and civil rights

8. Which of these is an opinion? Gandhi was the world's most important leader. Gandhi was jailed many times. Gandhi returned to India in 1915. Gandhi attended law school in London, England.