How TOURISM effects the economy In turkey Sinem BULUT 9-B 84

Place of Tourism in Turkish Economy The contribution of tourism revenues to the economy of the country is very important in terms of foreign trade revenues. Spain, Italy and many other countries are benefiting from tourism revenues in closing the foreign trade openness. Due to the increase in the number of tourists coming to Turkey in recent years, the contribution of tourism income to the economy has increased. Approximately 15-20% of our foreign trade revenues come from tourism.

TOURISM ECONOMY PLACE AND IMPORTANT When the rational reasons and the expected results of the development of an economy in the economy are examined, it reveals the role of the economy in the economy and its importance. This research will reveal direct and indirect interactions with business providers of business and business optimization and business processes. However, it should be kept in mind that the economic benefits of tourism can be realized depending on the governments' policies and the ability to implement and supervise tourism development projects.

The economic functions of tourism can be summarized as follows: For many developing countries, the most important aspect of tourism attractiveness is that it can show its economic usefulness in a shorter period of time. The preparation period before this tourism investment yields is much shorter than the investments in other industries. Tourism is an industry that can generate revenue and employment growth, which can provide a large amount of foreign exchange income after one or two years from a successful promotion campaign.

Compared to other industries, tourism is more productive Compared to other industries, tourism is more productive. Compared to other investment options, the ratio of direct capital investment in tourism investments to the income stream created is lower. In other words, the marginal capital / output ratio in tourism is low and the lower the rate, the higher the new investment efficiency is assumed.

Impact on tourism is important Impact on tourism is important. The increase in tourism investments and the tourism effects will primarily benefit the people of the region directly. Later, these benefits will spread to other parts of the national economy and increase the income of different people and institutions and the state by a certain multiplier coefficient.

The tourism industry creates vast employment opportunities for unskilled labor by providing new, diverse jobs that are easy to learn. Migration and unemployment in urban areas in many developing countries have significant problems and contribute to the settlement of these problems with the new business opportunities that the tourism industry creates both in investment and in the business stages. The employment / investment ratio in the tourism industry is considerably higher than in other industries. In a clearer sense, the investment needed to make a business in tourism is much lower than in other industries.

In the case of tourism development, efficiency is provided for infrastructure use. The economical feasibility of existing infrastructure development is increasing. In fact, a certain level of infrastructure is necessary to be born as a tourism industry. Starting from this point, the development of tourism and infrastructures mutually support and accelerate each other.

It provides the currency input required for development It provides the currency input required for development. Tourism revenues have very important advantages over economic assistance from foreign countries. It is far from political and economic constraints and can not be used as a means of oppression. On the other hand, tourism also has a far greater advantage over exports of agricultural products and raw materials. First of all, the prices of tourism goods and services are much more under their control than the prices of the traditional export products of the developing country. It also creates a diversification opportunity for the exporting of the developing country and removes large fluctuations stemming from foreign exchange revenues. Payments arising from the imports of these countries make it easier to close balancing deficits. Generally, tourism requires less foreign input, that is, outflow of foreign currency, for each unit currency it creates compared to other industries. Therefore, a larger part of the tourism currencies can be used for the development of the manufacturing industry or for the closure of foreign debts.

Tourism provides redistribution of income and wealth Tourism provides redistribution of income and wealth. The development of international tourism movements leads to an income stream towards less developed and developing countries from developed countries. Concentration of specific tourism attractions in developing countries and regions, as well as important occupation of labor-intensive activities in tourism, enables redistribution of income and wealth in balancing between regions and communities.

Tourism provides an interest in the protection and development of natural resources. National work is concentrated on conservation and enrichment of natural resources in order to increase attractiveness of the country in terms of tourists.

As tourism draws attention to the social and cultural riches of a developing country, traditional ceremonies, customs and traditions, regional clothing and handicrafts are given importance again. This development, if taken seriously, will revitalize the interest of an ethnic cultural background and increase respect for the self-confidence and self-respect of the people, while at the same time bringing considerable revenues.

The Place of Tourism Sector in Turkey and Employment Turkey is a country with limited employment opportunities for an important part of the new job power. Both the rapid population growth in the country and the increasing concentration of this population in the cities aggravate the problem from day to day. The environment created by economic crises in particular creates some difficulties in creating new jobs for people who can work. The tourism sector plays an important role in providing new business areas in this regard. Since employment statistics in Turkey can not be obtained in detail, the number of employment for tourism is estimated in various ways. The base of estimates is the number of people working per bed. Various studies in Turkey show that 0.5 per person is employed in accommodation facilities. As of the end of 2001, the total number of beds with business, investment and municipal certificates from the Ministry of Tourism is 1.000.000. In this case, the number of direct labor in accommodation facilities is 500,000. When this number is added to the labor force in various tourism-related units such as marina and yachting, transportation companies, travel agencies, shopping centers, direct employment in the sector is about 800.000. So much so that in a survey conducted in 1999, 732,000 people were directly employed in the tourism sector in Turkey. It is estimated that this figure will reach 1,427,000 in 2010. Research shows that one unit in tourism creates direct employment and another 1.5 parts in indirect sectors. Thus, today, indirect employment in tourism is 1.200.000 and direct and indirect employment is about 2.000.000.

Analysis of Turkey's Foreign Tourism Bilancis While trying to increase foreign tourism revenues by using some transactions such as promotion of advertising, publicity and tourism investments by one side in order to ensure that foreign tourism bilateral trade surplus in Turkey, like many countries, On the other side, it tries to reduce the costs of foreign tourism according to features such as increasing passport charges and removing foreign travel taxes. It tries to reduce the costs of foreign tourism. Turkey, especially since 1980s, has recognized tourism as a driving force for economic development, and for this purpose, by issuing the Tourism Incentive Law, a significant portion of the inefficient economic resources have been devoted to the development of tourism. As a result of these efforts, the Turkish tourism sector, which is one of the youngest and dynamic sectors of Turkey with rapid development, It can be said that Turkey is one of the locomotive sectors.

The Impact of Tourism on Turkey

TÜRKİYE’YE GELEN ZİYARETÇİLER (Numbers of visitors coming to Turkey) Yıllar (Years) Yabancı Ziyaretçi Sayısı (Foreign Visitors) Yurtdışında İkamet Eden Vatandaş ziyaretçi (Citizens living abroad) Toplam Ziyaretçi Sayısı (Total visitors) Toplam Günübirlikçi Sayısı (Sameday visitors) 2008 26 336 677 4 801 097 31 137 774 1 345 669 29 792 105 2009 27 077 114 4 682 702 31 759 816 1 573 202 30 186 614 2010 28 632 204 4 365 104 32 997 308 1 633 304 31 364 004 2011 31 456 076 5 312 963 36 769 039 2 115 163 34 653 876 2012 31 782 832 5 932 393 37 715 225 2 017 325 35 697 900