Dairy Research Update July 2014

Scientifically Proven Efficacy

Research Proven Performance Specie Total Number of Fermentation Metabolites Trials (1/26/14) Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Dairy 115 41 Beef 49 12 Sheep & Goat 15 4 Swine 52 13 Poultry 48 16 Equine Pets 9 -- Aquaculture 19 7 In vitro 81 6 Other 3 2 Total 407 105 The Value Of Diamond V Original product Has Been Repeatedly Demonstrated!

Research Summary Meta-analysis Item DV effect P-value Milk Yield, kg/d 1.18 0.001 3.5% FCM, kg/d 1.61 ECM, kg/d 1.65 Milk Fat Yield, g/d 60 0.009 Milk Protein Yield, g/d 30 0.026 DMI (< 70 DIM) 0.62 0.003 DMI (> 70 DIM) -0.78 0.008 Poppy et al., 2012. J. Dairy Sci. 95: 6027-6041

Fresh Cow Management

Increases DMI in Early Lactation These transition cows did not increase in intake precalving, but had a nice increase in intake post-freshening. Consistent with IL work. Robinson et al., J.A.S., 1999

Reduces Body Tissue Mobilization During Early Lactation -0.55 -0.34 -0.50 -0.12 -0.52 -0.39 -0.59 -0.35 -0.29 -0.14 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 Body Weight Change, kg/d 1irst Calf Heifers 1Mature Cows 2Mature Cows 3Mixed Cows 4Mixed Cows Control Original product This is a summary from four transition cow studies. In all four studies, cows fed XP showed less weight loss compared to controls. 1Robinson and Garrett. 1999. JAS. 77:988-999; 2Dann et al., 2000. JDS. 83:123-127; 3Erasmus et al., 2005. AFST. 122:219-239; 4Robinson. 1997. JDS. 80:1119-1125 Average daily saving of 0.22 kg/d

Diamond V FDA Functional Claim Helps support dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows when fed as part of a total mixed ration during the first 70 days of lactation Key points: “FDA Reviewed and Accepted”, the term of “FDA approved” applies only to drugs claim.

What Does More DMI Mean in Early-Lactation? More milk Better reproduction Healthier rumen Healthier cows Greater bottom line

Feed Efficiency

Eat more and produce much more milk Early Lactation Cow Eat more and produce much more milk Item Parity Control Diamond V Robinson, 1997 Robinson and Garrett, 1999 Dann et al., 2000 Erasmus et al., 2005 Multiparous Primiparous Mixed parity 1.84 1.64 1.72 1.36 1.53 1.90 1.65 1.82 1.49 1.68 Average Difference (Mcal/kg DM) Difference (Mcal/d @ 23 kg DMI) 1.62 1.71 0.09 2.07 *Improved energy density of diets in early lactation cows (5.5%)!!!! *1 Mcal = 4.184 MJ

Eat less and produce more milk Mid-lactation Cow Eat less and produce more milk Item Control XP DMI*, kg/d 23.1 22.1 Milk**, kg/d 34.9 35.4 4% FCM, kg/d 31.2 32.0 Feed efficiency 1.38a 1.49b Production efficiency is especially important with high feed costs. Although neither production nor intake differed significantly between the midlactation cows fed the control or diet containing Diamond V XP, there was a trend for higher production and lower intake in the DV-XP cows. This trend in both areas resulted in a significant improvement in production efficiency (lbs milk / lbs DMI) for cows fed Diamond V XP a,b P < 0.05 Schingoethe et al., 2004. J. Dairy Sci. 87:4178-4181 *TMR = 1.78 Mcal/kg DM (NEL basis) **Milk = 0.66 Mcal/kg 1 kg less DMI with 0.5 kg more milk: 2.11 Mcal/d improvement in energy

Compromising Lower Energy Diet Eat lower energy diet & produce the same amount of milk Item Control XP P < DMI, kg/d 28.4 28.0 0.10 NEL intake*, Mcal/d 50.5 48.9 0.05 4% FCM, kg/d 40.5 40.2 0.41 Fat, % 3.49 0.90 Protein, % 3.23 0.98 Fat, kg/d 1.56 1.55 0.25 Protein, kg/d 1.45 1.44 0.95 FCM/DMI 1.43 0.38 FCM/NEL intake, kg/Mcal 0.80 0.82 --- Cows fed XP diet resulted in: No difference in DMI Consumed lower energy by design (50.5 vs. 48.9 Mcal/d) Produced similar amount of FCM Similar feed efficiency (FCM/DMI) – although cows fed XP diet consumed less energy but produced the same amount of milk. No changes in body weight (not reported) *TMR contained 1.9% vs. 1.1% CSFA for Control and XP, respectively.

Additional Benefits Other Than Milk Increases DMI in early lactation Improves rumen health Better rumen preparation for the lactation Alleviating SARA Mitigating heat stress effect Better quality milk (fat, protein, SCC) …..

Diamond V Original Product and Ruminal Acidosis

DV Original product Reduces Negative Impact of Acidosis Acidosis problems  Lactate producers  Rumen pH  Ruminal LPS  Feed efficiency  Milk fat content  Milk production Diamond V solutions  Lactate utilizers  Rumen pH  Ruminal LPS  Feed efficiency  Milk fat content  Milk production

Diamond V Original product Fermentation Metabolites Reduces Bacterial Population Shift by SARA Gram(+) Gram(-) Control Normal Diamond V SARA SARA changed rumen population significantly. Increase Gram(+) Decrease Gram(-) Diamond V Original product maintained healthy normal rumen population during SARA After we classified the OUTs into different taxonomic level, at phylum level, we got 17 phyla. With no surprise, two most abundant Phyla observed are Firmicutes and bacteroidetes, followed by proteobacteria , sprirochaetes and other 11 phyla. We observed SARA increased F, and reduce B. However, SCFP changed the population shift only moderately indicating maintain healthy rumen population during SARA challenge. In general terms the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio is regarded to be of significant relevance in rumen microbiota composition. It has been reported that the cows fed by a high grain diet have a higher ratio of Firmicute to bacteroidetes, compare to the cows fed by high forage diet. In our study, SARA reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes while increased that of Firmitues. As a result, the ratio of F/B was higher during SARA. However, for the NoSCFP cows, the increase of F/B ratio is higher that SCFP cows. Li et al., 2012

What Is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)? Part of outer membrane of the gram (-) bacteria cell wall Release when these bacteria lyse Adapted from J. C. Plaizier 19

Rumen pH, LPS and Inflammation  Ruminal pH Activation of LPS recognizing receptors (TLR-4 and CD14) ?  LPS in rumen Cytokines (e.g., TNFα, IL-1, IL-6)  LPS in portal blood Acute phase proteins (e.g. Hp, SAA and LBP)  LPS in peripheral blood Inflammation Adapted from J. C. Plaizier 20

Rumen LPS is associated with milk fat depression Zebeli and Ametaj, 2009 JDS

Reduces Ruminal Endotoxin Concentration P = 0.13 The pens were held constant during the study – if a cow got sick she was removed and never returned – no new cows entered the pens during the study. Li et al., 2012. J. Dairy Sci. 95 (Suppl. 1)

Maintains Higher Milk Fat Concentration Li et al., 2012. J. Dairy Sci. 95 (Suppl. 1) Li et al., 2012.

Diamond V Original product and Heat Stress

Link between Heat Stress and Acidosis Ruminal pH C O L C O L H O T H O T pH measured 12 times in 8 hours after feeding. Cows fed the high forage diet had higher pHs than those on the high concentrate diet, as expected. When cows were exposed to increased temp and humidity, ruminal pH became more acidic, 0.4° for cows fed the high forage diet and 0.6 ° for cows fed the high concentrate diet. The drop was greater for cows fed the high concentrate diet. High Forage Diet High Concentrate Diet Mishra et al., 1970

DV Original product Alleviates Impact of Heat Stress Heat stress problems  Rumen microbes  Rumen pH  Ruminal LPS  Milk fat content  Feed efficiency  Glucose demand XP/XPC solutions  Rumen microbes  Rumen pH  Ruminal LPS  Milk fat content  Feed efficiency  Ruminal propionate

DV Original product Increases Milk Production During Heat Stress 26.6 27.6 29.9 31.4 28.7 29.7 28.5 30.0 33.8 35.0 36.9 37.6 19.6 22.7 34.4 34.9 39.7 42.0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Harris & Lobo, 1988 Harris & Webb, 1990 Braun, 1993 Nagy et al., 1996 NC Farm Trial, 1997 Fazenda & Soares, 1998 Alshaikh et al., 2002 Schingoethe et al., 2004 Cooke et al., 2007 Control Diamond V Original product Milk Production, kg/d Results of 9 Heat Stress Trials

DV Original product Increases Milk Fat During Heat Stress Results of 9 Heat Stress Trials

365 Days Success with Diamond V Original XP/XPC

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