Recurrency/Transition Training Mel Burkart, MCFI

Contents Currency Transition Individual Pilot Currency Towing/Tow Pilots Pilot Factors Safety Culture Transition Additional Launch Methods Higher/Lower Performance Gliders Additional Glider Rating Log Book Endorsements Training Syllabus CFI Qualifications

Recurrency/Transition Training Regulatory Requirements - (FAR 61.56, 61.57, 61.31(j)) Flight Review Wings Program Endorsements (FAR 61.56, 61.31) Transition Training Syllabi Instructor qualifications Training Goals

Currency Requirements FAR 61.56 FAR 61.56 - Flight Review Every 24 calendar months 1 hour of ground instruction, and 1 hour, or 3 flights, of flight training FAR 61.57 - Recent Flight Experience 3 take-off’s and landings within 90 days to carry passengers Night – same requirement during nighttime. Note: For night and tailwheel, takeoff and landings must be full stop Same category, class Category - airplane, rotorcraft, glider Class - single engine, multiengine, land, water

Flight Review FAR 61.56 Flight Review is “NOT” a flight test Note: the words “review” and “training”. in FAR 61.56. Objective - Training to proficiency Engage the applicant in the learning process Ask the student to evaluate his strengths and weakness suggest areas to work on. Review FAR Part 61 and 91 as appropriate Use PTS to define standards Make appropriate logbook entry Advisory Circular 61.65E Appendix 1

Flight Review FAR 61.56 Everyone! ALL! Who needs a flight review? (Private, Commercial, ATP, Flight Instructor) What category/class of aircraft is the review good for? ALL! A single flight review covers a pilot for all ratings CFI should evaluate the scope of his action.

Flight Review FAR 61.56 Alternative approaches Obtain a new rating or certificate Use the FAA Wings program the WINGS program ends December 31, 2007. Flight Standards District Offices (FSDO) will continue to accept phases completed by this date until January 31, 2008. Advisory Circular 61-91H: http://www.faa.gov/safety/awards/wings/ New Wings Program designed to help each pilot construct an educational curriculum suitable for their unique flight requirements. https://www.faasafety.gov/WINGS/pppinfo/default.aspx

Emergency Procedures on Tow Rope break at various altitudes Discussion Pre-flight questioning What questions do you ask? In flight questioning Practice at safe altitude How do you practice a rope break at altitude?

Emergency Procedures on Landing What do you do now? Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4. What are you going to do in the future? 4

Currency vs. Proficiency Definition of Currency currency simply refers to being up to date or occurring within a recent period of time. Definition of Proficiency "performing a given skill with expert correctness.“ Pilot proficiency - ability to perform tasks associated with the safe conduct of a flight "...that practice is the key to the secret of flying." Reasons for lack of proficiency Prolonged period of inactivity Fear of maneuver

Proficiency or Current?

FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Initial glider towing prerequisites At least Private Pilot certificate At least 100 hours of pilot-in-command in aircraft category, class, and type – if required or Logged at least 10 flights towing a glider before May 17, 1967

FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Initial training requirements in towplane Ground & flight training in gliders Emergency procedures Ground and air signals Maximum bank angles 3 flights, real or simulated tows, as sole operator of the controls towing a glider while accompanied by a pilot who meets these requirements (61.69, c) If endorsing pilot has private pilot privileges must meet the requirements of 61.69 (d)(i)(ii) Appropriate Logbook Endorsements

FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Annual recurrent training requirements Within the preceding 12 months Made at least 3 actual or simulated tows while accompanied by a qualified tow pilot OR Made at least 3 flights as PIC of a glider being aero-towed

Pilot Factors FAR 61.23 (b) Operations not requiring a medical certificate. A person is not required to hold a medical certificate: (1) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating; FAR 61.53 (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner.

Pilot Factors Practical Aspects General health issues Cold/Flu OTC drugs Specific medical conditions Prescription drugs Surgical procedures & recovery

Pilot Factors Practical Aspects General health issues Cold/Flu OTC drugs Specific medical conditions Prescription drugs Surgical procedures & recovery Aging - average age 54 General trends – more physical problems Reduction in motor skills - ? ? ? Age 70 + FAA eliminates Age60 rule for airline pilots Increase in experience

Pilot Factors Aging Pilot Population General trend FAA stats: average age 54, oldest category Reduction in motor skills ? ? ? Studies indicate no significant deteration in motor skills until reaching age 70+. FAA eliminated age 60 rule for airline pilots Increase in experience

Club Safety Culture Institutionalize practices and procedures that encourage ALL pilots to actively engage in safe practices How do we do accomplish that? Empower tow-pilots to refuse a launch Both pilots are at risk Empower ANY pilot to hold/stop an operation Offer dual flying opportunities Ref: SLSA Programs

Types of Transition Training Adding a new launch method Aerotow, Ground launch, Self launch Moving to a higher/lower performance glider The step down is just as big as the step up! Additional Glider Rating

Types of Transition Training Additional Launch methods CFI endorsement is all that’s required Training syllabus so applicant knows what to study (e.g., AC 61-94 for motorgliders) Ground school to discus new launch procedures Flight training to practice launch procedure logbook endorsement to finish process

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider Review Pilot Operating Handbook Assembly/disassembly procedures Manual or automatic flight controls hookups Weight and Balance information Review aircraft systems Radio/transponder Vario/flight computer GPS

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider Review ground/flight characteristics Speeds Tow, Approach & Landing Thermaling, Inter-thermal cruising T.O./Landing attitude effect of tow-hook position Pilot experience and decision heights Log book endorsements

Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider Prepare plan for 1st flight Tow height Basic maneuvers Stall characteristics in different configurations Turn coordination exercises Other maneuvers Approach and landing considerations Log book endorsements

Stemme S10-VT Katania

Types of Transition Training Additional Category Rating Adding a Glider rating Evaluate previous experience Introduce differences Launch procedures Thermal etiquette, flying close to other gliders Approach and landing procedures Review regulatory requirements Log book endorsements When do they expire?

Log Book Endorsements Student pilots Other rated pilots Pre-solo, specify launch procedure Post-solo Sign student pilot certificate Other rated pilots Log book endorsement only May not have an explicit expiration date Sample endorsements Advisory Circular 61.65E, Appendix 1

Training Syllabi Improves communication between instructor and student Should include both instructor and student components Multiple sources available Publications (FAA, SSA, Knauff, Piggott, Wander) Internal club/school documents personally developed

Training Syllabi Instructor components include Record of ground/flight training Records kept at club/school Records available for review by student and instructor Lesson plans describing the training steps

Training Syllabi Student components include Training syllabus with detailed objectives List of reference material provided for study Completion standards specified PTS – Practical Test Standars

Training Goals Ensure applicant reaches correlation stage of learning Ensure applicant operates glider within defined safety limits Ensure applicant enjoys the learning experience

Serial vs Parallel Tasks Sequential events Time independent Parallel Multiple simultaneous events Time critical

When can you get proficiency training?

Instructor Qualifications Holds current flight instructor certificate Current in appropriate launch procedure Current in specific glider/motorglider Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

Instructor Qualifications Holds a current flight instructor certificate Current in appropriate launch procedure Current in specific glider/motorglider Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

Instructor Qualifications Current in appropriate launch procedure Familiar with general characteristics of glider/motorglider Able to review gliders POH Familiar with specific glider is a big plus

Instructor Qualifications Holds a current flight instructor certificate Current in appropriate launch procedure Current in specific glider/motorglider Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

Which picture is different?