Theo van der Loop Senior Expert on Mission for ILO ILO - International Labour Organisation Promoting Decent Work For All Assessment Based National Dialogue on Social Protection in Egypt A Tripartite Policy Dialogue Theo van der Loop Senior Expert on Mission for ILO Cairo, 6 December 2015

Constitution of Egypt The constitution obliges the State to guarantee pensions for all citizens, for example in old age, invalidity and unemployment.

Table of Contents Introduction: Social Security Social Protection Floor Assessment Based National Dialogue (ABND): Objectives and Matrix The Way Forward

1. Introduction: Social Security Social security should not be seen as a cost, but as an investment in human capital that leads to greater productivity (cf. Hiroshi 2008). .

Social Protection is a Basic Human Right However: 73% percent of the world’s population has less than adequate coverage; More than half of world population lacks any kind of social protection at all. In most industrialized countries, coverage is close to 100%. Coverage extension can be done: South Korea increased health insurance coverage from 20 % to full coverage in 12 years (1977-89).

World Social Protection Report Building economic recovery, inclusive development and social justice

Statistics on Egypt Population growth is projected to increase from 87 mln. in 2014 to 137 mln. in 2050. In addition, the population is ageing. Low Labour force participation rates at 51 % in 2013; esp. low for women. The unemployment rate is increasing: Men: doubled from 5% in 2010 to 10% in 2013. Women: increased from 18.6 % in 2007 to 24.4 %in 2013. The informal economy is estimated to have between 30 and 40 % of workers. The national poverty rate has increased significantly in the last 15 years, from 16.7 % in 1996 to 26.3 % in 2012/2013. The percentage of the near-poor population is estimated to have increased from 19.2 % in 2009 to 23.7 % in 2011.

2. Social Protection Floor 2011.

SPF Recommendation No. 202 Adopted by 185 member states Geneva 101st ILC 14 June 2012

Social Protection Floor (SPF) ILO designed a basic package of social security as a reference point consisting of Four Essential Guarantees, called the ‘Social Protection Floor’ (SPF). This is designed to be affordable also for the least developed countries.

Four Guarantees for All Residents ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FOR ALL INCOME SECURITY, EDUCATION, NUTRITION, CARE FOR CHILDREN MINIMUM INCOME SECURITY FOR WORKING AGE INCOME SECURITY THROUGH PENSIONS FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED

Nationally defined Social Protection Floors Not a one size fits all approach : each country defines the levels of benefits that it can/is willing to provide Each country also decides how to do it – through universal schemes, targeted social assistance, social insurance, a combination…

Source: ILO (2011: ILC.100/VI).

EXAMPLE: Social Protection in Indonesia Relative comprehensive social security for formal sector workers Population Level of protection Formal sector employees (JAMSOSTEK) Civil servants (ASKES, ASABRI, TASPEN) Jampersal Jamsostek LHK- Askesos KUR, PNPM Jamkesmas/Jamkesda PKH/PKSA/BOS/Scholarships JSPACA, JSLU Poor Rest informal sector Formal sector Scattered programs for the poor Not much for non-poor informal sector

3. Assessment Based National Dialogue (ABND)

Four Objectives of ABND To trigger a national dialogue on social protection with all key stakeholders, while raising awareness on the SPF concept and increasing capacities in policy formulation and planning; To identify priority areas for government intervention related to social protection and the SPF; To support informed decision-making towards the future development of the national SPF while ensuring that the proposed new schemes and benefits adhere to financial sustainability; To serve as a baseline against which the future and progressive realization of the SPF can be monitored.

Stakeholders Government: MoSS, MoF, MoMM, MoH, MoE, MoP, MoA, and others Trade Unions Employers organisations NGOs International Organisations

ABND: Three Steps STEP 1 – Development of the Assessment Matrix STEP 2 – Costing Exercise STEP 3 – Finalization and Endorsement.

ABND Matrix

Health

Children

Working Age

Elderly & Disabled

Coordination Social Justice Committee under the Prime Minister: Set up in October 2014: MoSS is chairing this committee of about 14 Ministers. MoF: Economic Justice Unit Proposal: Set up a Government-UN Team for Social Protection to guide the tripartite policy dialogue.

4. The Way Forward Sustained Tripartite Policy Dialogue among the Stakeholders

The Way Forward MoSS will call the Kick-Off Workshop of ABND in January 2016. February 2016: Validation Workshop: Presentation of the consolidated Matrix incl. the comments from the Kick-Off workshop, and all data prepared by the stakeholders. March 2016: Workshop to discuss and finalize the proposed joint Recommendations. April 2016: Additional Consultations where needed. From April/May 2016: Costing Exercise.

Thank You - Shukran