Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week 10 Sign in: Roster @ front of lab Pick up returned papers Put names on Molar Masses II if you did not have names on form and resubmit Pick up handouts (2) For today’s experiment Work with the lab partner(s) who set up fermentation with you

Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week 10 Turn in Today Chemical Reactions (Course/ Lab Manual pp. 49-51) Reactions, Balancing, Stoichiometry Worksheet (Course/ Lab Manual pp. 65-67) Stoichiometry / Limiting Reactant / Ideal Gas Law (Completed Handout) Have stamped before leaving lab: Distillation (Course/ Lab Manual pg. 46)

Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week 10: Week 11 is Spring Break Due Week #12 Completed Fermentation Report form (Course/ Lab Manual pg. 46) Fermentation Post Lab Ques. [Handout: Individually done]

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate 1 HCl(aq) + 1 NaHCO3 (s) _ ___ + _ ___ + _ ___ White = hydrogen Red = oxygen Gray = carbon Green = chlorine Purple = sodium Write a complete balanced chemical equation for the reaction by adding products and stoichiometric coefficients from the above reactants.

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate 1 HCl(aq) + 1 NaHCO3 (s) 1 CO2(g) + 1 H2O(l) + 1 NaCl(aq) White = hydrogen Red = oxygen Gray = carbon Green = chlorine Purple = sodium Write a complete balanced chemical equation for the reaction by adding products and stoichiometric coefficients from the above reactants.

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate 2 HCl(aq) + 2 NaHCO3 (s) -- Draw a balanced molecular representation for all of the products of the reaction using the following key. (One water molecule is shown.) Carbon  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Chlorine Sodium ✪ White = hydrogen Red = oxygen Gray = carbon Green = chlorine Purple = sodium

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate 1 HCl(aq) + 1 NaHCO3 (s) In the previous case, all of the reactant molecules react to produce products and none remain. In this case some reactant remains. Draw the molecule that remains above. Carbon  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Chlorine Sodium ✪ White = hydrogen Red = oxygen Gray = carbon Green = chlorine Purple = sodium

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate 2 HCl(aq) + 2 NaHCO3 (s) In the first case, all of the reactant molecules react to produce products and none remain. In this case some reactant remains. Draw the molecule that remains above. Carbon  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Chlorine Sodium ✪ White = hydrogen Red = oxygen Gray = carbon Green = chlorine Purple = sodium

Follow the Demo and complete the Handout Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate __ HCl(aq) + _ NaHCO3 (s) _ ___ + _ ___ + _ ___ Follow the Demo and complete the Handout http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/106assign.html#CO2

Examine the image above and select the correct statement below. HCl(aq) + NaHCO3 (s) Trial 2: The same volume of unknown concentration of HCl was added to each of the flasks using the same amounts of NaHCO3 as used in Trial 1: 2 g, 4 g, 6 g Examine the image above and select the correct statement below. NaHCO3 is the limiting reagent in the yellow and blue. HCl is definitely not the limiting reagent in all three cases. Equal numbers of moles of HCl and NaHCO3 may have reacted in green. NaHCO3 is definitely the limiting reagent in all three cases.

Examine the image above and select the correct statement below. HCl(aq) + NaHCO3 (s) Trial 2: The same volume of unknown concentration of HCl was added to each of the flasks using the same amounts of NaHCO3 as used in Trial 1: 2 g, 4 g, 6 g Examine the image above and select the correct statement below. NaHCO3 is the limiting reagent in the yellow and blue. HCl is definitely not the limiting reagent in all three cases. Equal numbers of moles of HCl and NaHCO3 may have reacted in green. NaHCO3 is definitely the limiting reagent in all three cases.

Energy: Heat: Enthalpy (ΔH)

Distillation Oil Refining: http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/html-swf/oil-refining.swf Oil Refining: http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining4.htm

Energy Diagrams

Energy Diagrams

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdCsbZf1_Ng

Kinetics: Rate & TIME (What is a second?) How fast is a reaction?

Calculations Distillation (Course/ Lab Manual pg. 46)

Example 24.55 g 52.2 mL 0.990 g/mL

Example 24.55 g 52.2 mL 0.990 g/mL 4.5 %

Theoretical Yield Calculation 24.55 g ? g (theoretical) 4 Molar mass = 342.3 g/mol Molar mass = 46.07 g/mol ? mol C2H5OH = 4 x mol sucrose = 0.2869 mol ? mol sucrose = 24.55 g / 342.3 g/mol = 0.07172 mol ? g (theoretical) = mol C2H5OH x 46.07 g/mol = 13.22 g __________________ ? g (actual) = [4.5 % ,that is: 4.5/100] x 52.2 mL x 0.990 g/mL = 2.33g % Yield = g (actual) / g (theoretical) x 100 = 17.6 %

Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week 10 Today’s experiment: Completion of Chemical Reactions/ Fermentation/ Distillation Due & stamped Today Distillation (Course/ Lab Manual pg. 46)

Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week #12 After Spring Break 1) Titration of Vinegar Quantitative Acid-Base Reaction (Neutralization) Using a standard NaOH aqueous solution Determining the % Acetic Acid in vinegar samples 2) Exam 2 Refer to the Course Calendar practice questions 2 pages handwritten notes, which are to be turned in, plus Periodic Table allowed

Chem 106: Class/ Lab Week #10 Pick up distillation kit from the stockroom. Assemble as shown. Complete instructions in Lab Manual. Have page 46 stamped before leaving lab. Distillation (Course/ Lab Manual pg. 46) Turn in Week #12 after Spring Break Plus: Fermentation Post Lab on-line Ques. Handout [Handout: Individually done] http://chemconnections.org/general/chem120/ethanol-ques-106.html