The Industrial Revolution
Do Now Take out the vocabulary homework for this section.
Cotton Gin A machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber
Interchangeable Part A part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another, identical part
Patent Sole legal right to an invention and its profits
Capitalism Economic system in which people and companies own the means of production
Capital Money or other items, such as machines or buildings, used to create wealth
Free Enterprise A type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want
Industrial Growth In the mid-1700s, Great Britain inventors built machines that did some of the work in cloth making, such as spinning thread. These new machines worked on the power of flowing water.
Industrial Growth Factories, called mills, installed many machines, and were built along the water.
New England The Industrial Revolution came to New England for 3 reasons:
New England 1. Poor soil made farming difficult.
New England 2. There were many rivers and streams to power factory machinery.
New England 3. The area had many ports to import raw materials and export finished goods.
New Inventions Technology is equipment that makes use of advanced knowledge and skill to solve a problem or task.
New Inventions Eli Whitney invented interchangeable parts. This is a part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another, identical part.
The Rise of Factories In 1790, Congress passed a patent law to protect inventors. A patent gives an inventor the sole right to make money from an invention for a certain period of time.
The Rise of Factories Samuel Slater secretly memorized the design of machines that made cotton in Britain. He then brought his ideas to the United States.
The Rise of Factories Francis Cabot Lowell improved on this, and made a cloth factory that made thread and wove it into cloth. This began the factory system in which all manufacturing steps are combined in one place.
Free Enterprise Capitalism helped industrial growth. In capitalism, individuals and businesses own property and decide how to use it.
Free Enterprise The people – not the government – control capital, which includes the buildings, land, machines, money, and other items used to create wealth.
Free Enterprise We also use the term free enterprise to describe the American economic system. People are free to work wherever they want.
Free Enterprise The major elements of free enterprise are:
Economic Freedom The freedom to choose how to produce, sell, and use your own resources, while respecting others' rights to do the same.
Profit
Competition
Private Property
Agriculture Grows In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which removed seeds from cotton.
Agriculture Grows With the ability to take seeds out of cotton faster, cotton plantations grew larger, and the need for slaves increased.
Agriculture Grows The demand for cotton grew as textile factories appeared. The cotton gin also allowed planters to grow cotton over a much wider area.
Agriculture Grows Between 1790 and 1820, cotton production soared from 3,000 to 300,000 bales per year in the South.
Cotton Belt (1860)
Agriculture Grows Between 1790 and 1810, the number of enslaved Africans in the United States rose from about 700,000 to 1.2 million.
United States Slave Population
Growth of corporations Shopkeepers, merchants, and farmers – provided the money necessary to build most new businesses.
Growth of corporations A corporation is a type of business that can have many owners.
Corporation Chart
Growth of corporations They sell stock – shares of ownership in a company – to raise the money to build factories and expand their business.
Cities Grow Up The growth of factories and trade led to the growth of towns and cities.
Cities Grow Up Older cities such as New York, Boston, and Baltimore also grew as centers of commerce and trade.
Cities Grow Up To the west, towns such as Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Louisville were located on major rivers. As farmers in the West shipped more products by water, these towns grew rapidly.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Camden’s industry included lumber dealers, manufacturers of wooden shingles, pork sausage, carriages and wagons, flint glass, candle factories, tanneries, blacksmiths, and harness makers.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey The city later was famous for Campbell’s Soup and the many shipyards that produced boats.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Elizabeth housed companies such as Singer Sewing Machine Company and Bethlehem Steel.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Jersey City developed a warehouse district that included many factories and distribution centers.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Newark produced leather for shoes, carriages, coaches, lace, and hats.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Paterson became a textile center and later became known for producing trains and silk.
Industrial Revolution in New Jersey Trenton produced clay products, iron, and steel.
Trenton Bridge
New Jersey Today New Jersey’s economy is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, chemical development, food processing, electric equipment, printing, publishing, and oil refining.
New Jersey Today New Jersey ranks second in blueberry production. Hammonton, NJ is considered the blueberry capital of the world.
New Jersey Today New Jersey ranks third in cranberry and spinach production.
New Jersey Today New Jersey ranks fourth in peach, bell pepper, and lettuce production.
New Jersey Today This state also produces fresh tomatoes, apples, strawberries, soybeans, potatoes, and corn
Wrap Up Questions 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution develop in New England?
Wrap Up Questions 2. Where did most cities develop?
Wrap Up Questions 3. What was the cotton gin? Why did this invention have unintended consequences?
Wrap up questions 4. What are interchangeable parts? How did they increase production?
Wrap Up Questions 5. What is a patent? How did it protect inventors?
Wrap Up Questions 6. How did the Industrial Revolution affect New Jersey?