Processing and Visualizing Large Spatial Datasets Geographic Inquiry Process Types of Spatial Analysis Large Spatial Datasets Cartographic Visualization Ethics of Map Visualization

Geographic Inquiry Process Define the problem or scenario Identify the deliverables needed to support the decision Identify, collect, organize, and examine the data needed Document your work Prepare your data Create a basemap or locational map Perform the geospatial analysis Produce the deliverables, draw conclusions and present the results

Analysis and results concerning a specific demographics What decision needs to be made? Who is making it and what do people need to know? Analysis and results concerning a specific demographics Solving census issues and reports, including housing market values Define the problem or scenario Excel spreadsheets provided via USCB or Census.gov Including statistical data in numbers and percentages of same-sex households Identify the deliverables needed to support the decision Esri press data United States.gdb Representation of US states and borders along with restricted state-by-state data USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic .mxd document Identify, collect, organize, and examine the data needed to address the problem Documentation of all methodologies used to present two data frames Steps used to transfer new data and symbology was recorded Document your work Sum of total percentages and output to layer Statistical data found and prepared via Excel for easy export Join and relate functionality Sheet tables Prepare your data Two data frames used One with sub regions dissolved with an outline and urban areas The other having only a US State borders layer both with joined statistical data Both layers displaying US states and borders Create a basemap or locational map Analysis to find the high and low areas of distribution for the provided data Consideration of why certain areas/data produced higher or lower statistical values and percentages than others Perform the geospatial analysis Discovery of correlations corresponding from coast to coast No strong patterns of demographics Evenly dispersed Results yield that urban areas and states with larger Populations correlated with data of higher numbers of same-sex households Produce the deliverables, draw conclusions, and present the results

Types of Spatial Analysis Understanding where

Types of Spatial Analysis Measuring size, shape and distribution

Types of Spatial Analysis Determining how places are related (crime and property value)

Types of Spatial Analysis Finding the best locations and paths

Types of Spatial Analysis Making predictions

Large Spatial Datasets (HU GIS Examples) Remote Sensing Landsat (Harrisburg Thermal Infrared) LiDAR (Harrisburg PAMAP program) Drones (Stoufer Farm & Adams Ricci) Tabular Data Census (1900 Digital Harrisburg) Crime (2015-16 Harrisburg) Students (HU Graduate Students) Spatial Data Software: ArcGIS Quick Terrain Modeler Pix4D ArcGIS Online

Cartographic Data Visualization Thematic Map Types Map Data Types Visual Resources Choropleth Proximal Isarithmic Nominal Ordinal Ratio Special Effects - Cartograms

Cartographic Considerations: Map Audience Map Use: Exploration/Analysis Presentation Audience: Trained Analyst General Public Purpose: Visual Thinking Communication Advantages: Graphical Believable Granularity: Fine Coarse Symbols: Abstract Mimetic capitol railroad

Map Data Classification Double Ended Scales Extremes & Balanced Double Ended Manual Quantile

Ethical Considerations in Cartography Have a straightforward agenda Strive to know your audience Do not intentionally lie with data Always show all relevant data when possible Don’t discard contrary data because it is contrary Strive for accurate portrayal of data Avoid plagiarizing Symbol selection should not bias map Map should be repeatable Pay attention to different cultural values and principals Misleading Maps without disclaimers Source: Cartography Thematic Map Design, sixth edition by Dent, Torguson, and Hodler.