Foreign Policy Every nation adopts an attitude and mode of action towards other states which suits its peculiar circumstances and interests.

What is Foreign Policy? “The foreign policy is establishment and development of relations with other countries in order to protect the national interests by taking appropriate steps at international level.”

Description of Foreign Policy "The foreign policy of a country is in a sense a projection of its internal policies i.e. social, political and economic." BY: F.M. Muhammad Ayub Khan Foreign policy dictates how a country will act with respect to other countries politically, socially, economically, and militarily, and to a somewhat lesser extent, how it behaves towards non-state actors.

PAKISTAN 'S FOREIGN POLICY Pakistan 's foreign policy is guided by its history, geographical location and the aspiration of its people. It is also responsive to regional and international imperatives. Given the persistent challenges, Pakistan has opted for a proactive foreign policy. While there are elements of continuity in the foreign policy, as they should be, there is also a change of emphasis and nuance. The essence of Pakistan's Foreign Policy are:-

Develop friendly relations with all countries particularly the Muslim world, major powers and immediate neighbors. Safeguard vital security and geo-strategic interests of Pakistan. Resolve the core issue of Jammu and Kashmir in accordance with the resolutions of the UN Security Council and wishes of the Kashmiri people. Promote the image of Pakistan as a strong, dynamic, progressive, moderate and democratic Islamic country. Augment economic and commercial interests abroad. Protect the interests of Pakistan 's expatriate community abroad.

Quaid’s Vision on foreign policy of Pakistan Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter."

Principles Of Pak F.P - In vision of Quaid Unity of Islamic World De- Weaponisation Establishment of Peace Good Relations with Neighbours International and Regional Cooperation Peaceful Co-existence Non-Alignment Unite Nations Charter Bilateralism Support to Right of Self-Determination

Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Safeguard of National Integrity Defense of ideological frontiers Economic development National honour Respect for international law Implementation of accords Friendly relation with Muslim Countries

Foreign Policy Making Agencies of Pakistan Administrative Troika President Prime Minister Chief of Army Staff Ministry of Foreign Affairs Intelligence Agencies Political Parties and Pressure Groups Parliament

Phases of Foreign Policy of Pakistan Phase – I: 1947-53: Non Aliened years Phase – II: 1953-62: Alliance with the West Phase – III: 1962-1971 Transition Phase – IV: 1971-1979 Bilateralism and nonalignment Phase – V: 1980-90 Afghan-Crisis and US Ally Phase – VI: 1990-2001: Post-Cold War Era Pakistan’s Dilemmas Phase –VII: 2001-Date: Pakistan and Counter Terrorism

1972-1979 Bilateralism and Non-alignment Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO. Became a member of Non-allied summit in 1979. East –Pakistan break up as a separate state. India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to this break up. Pakistan ties their relationship with China. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto also visited United States with intention to strengthen the relationship between two countries. Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and burning down US embassy in 1979 their relationship was put to lowest point.

Kashmir Issue India and Pakistan have fought at least three wars over Kashmir Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965, 1999 Pakistan Believes that the international Community, in particular the United Nations and the major powers , have an important role to play in persuading India to stop it repression against the Kashmiris and respect human rights. More than 65,000 Kashmiris have been martyred and over 90,000 are missing.

Support of Occupied Kashmiris

Relation with Muslim Countries

Nuclear Issue

Elements Affecting Foreign Policy The political organization found in a country also greatly influences the foreign policy. For example under authoritarian systems quick foreign policy decisions are taken. The press also plays a vital role in foreign policy formulation process. The nature of political accountability prevailing in a system also greatly influence the foreign policy of the state. The leadership also plays a vital role in the shaping of a country’s foreign policy. The great power structure prevailing in the world politics also greatly influence the policy of a country.

Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Administrative Troika President Prime Minister Chief of Army Staff Ministry of Foreign Affairs Intelligence Agencies Political Parties and Pressure Groups Parliament

Political Parties and Pressure Groups

Pakistan’s Relations with other countries Pakistan has good foreign relations with China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Persian Gulf. Pakistan has complicated and inconsistent relations with the United States. Relations between Pakistan and India have not been great historically, but they are moving in the right direction of late. Relations between Pakistan and Russia have improved over the past year or so. This has been a major success in our foreign policy.

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