Figure 10. Improvement in landscape resolution that the new 250-meter MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) measurement of gross primary.

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Presentation transcript:

Figure 10. Improvement in landscape resolution that the new 250-meter MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) measurement of gross primary production (GPP) attains over the standard global MODIS GPP/NPP (net primary production) data set. The map shows GPP from western Montana for 2–10 June 2003, draped over digital elevation data. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 11. A trend of monthly net primary production (NPP) anomalies for the terrestrial biosphere, derived from the MODIS GPP data and expressed as the departure in standard deviations from the long-term (1982–2003) mean. The anomaly map suggests regional trends in ecosystem health without requiring understanding of carbon cycle details. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 6. Global areal distribution of terrestrial net primary production (NPP) for 2002 by simple biome types (see figure 5). From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 7. Intercomparison of gross primary production (GPP) computed from daily MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data summed at 8-day intervals with GPP measurements from flux towers at sites in the Ameriflux network that represent different biomes and climatic regimes for 2001. Substituting higher-resolution (1 to 5 km) daily local tower meteorology data for the lower-resolution (1° by 1.25°) global meteorology data in a replicated calculation of GPP allows separation of error sources in the MODIS algorithms. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 8. Testing an index of woody species biodiversity for Oregon Figure 8. Testing an index of woody species biodiversity for Oregon. (a) Richness of woody species measured at field plots. (b) Ratio of spring (March–May) to summer (June–August) photosynthesis, computed by Waring and colleagues (2002) from a satellite-driven gross primary production (GPP) model. Biodiversity appears to be higher in areas with high ratios of spring to summer photosynthesis, a calculation easily performed for large areas with the GPP data gathered by MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 9. (a) The relationship between scaled aboveground green biomass and estimates of gross primary production (GPP), derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data for 2001 and 2002. (b) Observed spring wheat yield for selected counties in Montana. Each point represents a county in Montana with more than 12,000 hectares (ha) of reported dryland-farmed spring wheat in 2001. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 2. Model of simulated global annual net primary production (NPP)mapped in climate space to show the general range of water availability and temperatures where NPP exists. Modified from Churkina and Running (1998). From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 3. Trends in global net primary production (NPP) anomalies from 1981 through 1999, computed from the historical AVHRR-NDVI (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer–Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data set. Data are from Nemani and colleagues (2003). From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 4. Relationship between the interannual anomaly of global net primary production (NPP) from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NPP algorithm and data on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration, using AVHRR-NDVI (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer–Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data from 1981 to 1999 (Nemani et al. 2003). Note that the CO<sub>2</sub> anomaly axis is inverted to align the NPP and CO<sub>2</sub> trends. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 5. Global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) over 110 million square kilometers for 2002, computed from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Figure 1. Analysis of the geographic variation in climatic controls of terrestrial net primary production from water, temperature, and radiation limitations. Data are from Nemani and colleagues (2003). From: A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production BioScience. 2004;54(6):547-560. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2 BioScience | © 2004 American Institute of Biological Sciences