GCSE Physical Education The Muscular System

What the video and highlight and answer the questions. Starter What the video and highlight and answer the questions. https://youtu.be/V-HNo-GNbZ4?t=1m

What do you Know about voluntary and involuntary muscles? GREEN = Nothing PINK = Some ORANGE = Confident

Learning Objectives Developing: Understand what the muscular system is and what roles it has. Securing: Explain the differences between a Voluntary and Involuntary muscle. Exceeding: Justify why Muscles are in pairs and the correct term for them.

The Muscular System

The Muscular System The term ‘muscular system’ describes all the muscles in the body and how they work. Creates movement as a result of muscle contracting and relaxing (lengthening). Muscles also define body shape and maintain posture, whether sitting or standing Muscles work either: - voluntarily (through planned movements) or - involuntarily (contracting/lengthening by themselves)

Voluntary & Involuntary Muscles

Voluntary (Skeletal Muscle) The type of muscle responsible for moving your arms and legs is called voluntary muscle. It is attached to bones. It moves these bones under your conscious control. It receives signals from your conscious brain via your nervous system. When these signals stop, the muscles relax again.

Involuntary- Smooth Muscle Involuntary muscle is found in and around organs such as the intestines, and around blood vessels. It works without you consciously controlling it, or even being aware of it. Under a microscope it appears smooth, with no stripes.

Cardiac muscle This type of muscle is also involuntary. It is only found in the heart and it never rests during a persons lifetime.

Task 1 Think, Pair and share with partner and allocate all different muscles to the correct muscle group.

Muscles & Movement

Muscles & Movement ANTAGONISTIC Muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton by tendons Muscles are made up of many muscle fibres and when these pull against the skeleton (contract), movement takes place THESE PAIRS ARE CALLED ANTAGONISTIC

Antagonistic Pairs Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs, so when one muscle contracts and pulls, the other relaxes to allow the joint to work The biceps and triceps are arranged in an antagonistic pair to allow movement in the forearm This pair of muscles work antagonistically during a bicep curl and a tricep dip

Antagonistic pairs A muscle must work in partnership with another muscle to allow movement to occur. The muscle that causes the movement (the pulling muscle) is called the AGONIST or PRIME MOVER. When this muscle pulls in becomes shorter. During this time the other muscle within this partnership is relaxing. This muscle is called the ANTAGONIST and is lengthening while it relaxes. EXAMPLE: When we flex our elbow the bicep is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist. However these roles are reversed when the elbow straightens with the tricep becoming the agonist and the bicep becoming the antagonist.

Muscles in relation to bone Muscles are attached to bone by TENDONS. The tendons at the point of movement are called the INSERTION and the ones at the point that does not move are called the ORIGIN.

Agonist Origin Antagonist Insertion Insertion Antagonist Agonist Origin

The Muscles

There are 11 specific muscles you need to know for the examination: The Muscles There are 11 specific muscles you need to know for the examination: Task 2 Label your Diagram to stick in for revision!!

Learning Objectives Developing: Understand what the muscular system is and what roles it has. Securing: Explain the differences between a Voluntary and Involuntary muscles. Exceeding: Justify why Muscles are in a pairs and the correct term for them.

What do you Know about voluntary and involuntary muscles? GREEN = Nothing PINK = Some ORANGE = Confident

Lesson 2- Muscular system Developing- Recap on Antagonistic muscles and types of muscle contractions. Securing- Identify all the major muscles in the body and how they can be strengthened. Exceeding- To be able to use these key terms in exam style questions.

Starter On a sticky note, answer the below questions? What does antagonist mean? Why do they muscles work in pairs? 3. Howe many pairs can you remember from last lesson?

Task 2- Draw table in book and complete Sporting Action Type of Movement Prime Mover Origin Insertion   Kicking a Football Extension at the knee Quadriceps Pelvis Tibia Shooting in Basketball

The Muscles

The Deltoid What's its antagonistic pair? The deltoid gives the rounded shape of the shoulder It abducts (takes away) the upper arm from the body Don’t Take notes!! What's its antagonistic pair?

The Trapezius

The Latissimus Dorsi What's its antagonistic pair? Its function is to abduct (take away) and rotate the arms. This draws them back and inwards to the body What's its antagonistic pair?

The Pectoral Muscle

The Abdominal Muscles

The Biceps & Triceps When the arm is extended (straightened), the triceps contracts and the biceps relaxes. When the arm is flexed (bent), the triceps relaxes and the biceps contracts

The Gluteal Muscles What's its antagonistic pair? Its function is to pull the leg backwards (extend) What's its antagonistic pair?

The Quadriceps Its function is to extend (straighten) the leg at the knee joint

The Hamstrings What's its antagonistic pair? The hamstrings are found on the back of the leg and stretch from the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia Its function is to bend (flex) the knee What's its antagonistic pair?

The Gastrocnemius Its function is to point the toes (plantar flex) away from the foot

Task 1- Complete worksheet. Describe the muscles Match up the muscle pairs Give sporting examples on how to the strengthen the muscle If you don’t finish- Complete form Homework!

Types of muscular contractions Isotonic Contractions These contractions occur when there is movement of the body. The ends of the muscles move closer together to cause the movement. Isometric Contractions This type of contraction takes place when the body is being held in the same position. The length of the muscle during these contractions stays the same length.

Types of movements Flexion This is when the angle at a joint is reduced. Extension This is when the angle at a joint increases. Adduction This is when the movement brings parts of the body back towards the centre. Abduction This is when parts of the body move away from the centre.

Lesson 3- Muscular Endurance Developing- Understand the different muscle fibers and what activity they are best suited for. Securing- Highlight the short term and long term affects of exercise and how diet affects the MS. Exceeding- Justify this knowledge through the use of sporting examples in exam style questions.

Complete the sheet to recap on prior knowledge so far. Starter Complete the sheet to recap on prior knowledge so far.

Good posture GOOD POSTURE allows the following things to occur within the body: When breathing there is more room for the lungs to expand and operate. Allows the heart more space to function properly. Allows the digestive system space to work well and do its job. Helps a person bone alignment. This reduces strain placed on bones, tendons and ligaments so by preventing injury. There is more energy available for exercise as the muscles do not need to work as hard to keep the body stable. Increases a persons self esteem and makes them look impressive to others.

Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres Fast Twitch These are used in events that require short bursts of energy. They are used in sports that require more explosive actions. These type of fibres contract fast and produce powerful actions. However these types of fibres tire very quickly. WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE WOULD THESE FIBRES BE USED IN?

Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres These are used in events that are slow and prolonged. They are used in sports that require more endurance. These type of fibres contract over and over again and stay efficient for long periods of time. These fibres have much better oxygen supplies which allows them to keep going. WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE WOULD THESE FIBRES BE USED IN?

Immediate affects of exercise Task 1: Make a spider Diagram with all the short term affects of exercise on the Muscular system?

Short term affects of exercise

Long term effects of exercise on the Muscular system 1.Muscle hypertrophy - when using the principle progressive overload, the muscle’s fibres become torn causing trauma. The muscle will rebuild itself, making it slightly stronger. This increase in muscle mass is muscle hypertrophy. What is the reverse of this? 2. Increase in muscular strength - muscle hypertrophy will lead to increased muscular strength. This can also lead to an increase in power (strength x speed. 3. Increase in muscular endurance - as with muscular strength, muscles will be able to withstand more and more and they are progressively overloaded, therefore muscular endurance will increase.

Diet- How it affects your performance Use your revision books and note down the important points on Diet.

15. A healthy, active ;lifestyle will have an impact on the body systems. Describe some of the effects of participation on the body's muscular system. In your answer you may consider: The immediate and short term effects of participation on each system The effects of regular participation and long term effects on each system.

Lesson 4- Muscular system Developing- Understand the effects of performance enhancing drugs on the Muscular system. Securing: Highlight the different injuries of the muscles caused by over use. Exceeding: Give in depth descriptions of different factors affecting the MS including sporting examples.

Starter What can you remember on performance enhancing drugs? - Discuss or note it down.

Performance enhancing drugs Performance enhancing drugs can have an impact on muscle size, they are usually illegal and have detrimental side effects. You need to know the most common ones used and why they are used. Peptide hormones, anabolic steroids, blood doping & narcotic analgesics.

Task 1 GUESS THE DRUG? - Write on the sticky note a drug and stick it on your partners head. You then have the speak for 30 seconds about that drug before your partner can guess what the drug is your talking about. Don’t guess before the time is up.

Injury on the muscles What are the most common injuries on the Muscular system? Muscle Strain Muscle Sprain Tennis elbow

Muscle strain The most common injury of the muscles and should be dealt with quickly. How? Overstretching of muscle When? Twist or wrench of muscle. Where? Any muscle in the body. Effects? Area becomes weakened as a result. How to avoid? Warm up What to do when injured? RICE

Muscle Sprain Occur during training/competition. Medical advice should be sought. How? Ankle or wrist twisted suddenly. When? Changing direction, landing heavy. Where? Ankle or wrist. Effects on body? Tears ligaments, extremely painful. What to do? RICE if more serious Xray. How to avoid? Improve strength of the area.

Tennis Elbow Where the outer part of the elbow becomes sore. Caused by repetitive actions on the elbow. How? Over use of the tendon. When? Playing tennis, wrong size handle. Where? Elbow joint Effects? Inflamed elbow What to do? RICE How to avoid? Moderate amount of play and correct size equipment.

Task 2 Using your workbook paraphrase the rest information into bullet points.

Past paper questions Revise for your test Next Monday Describe the cause and effect of muscle strain (3)  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Revise for your test Next Monday