December 12, 2016 Do Now: Take out review sheet and pencil After Test: Complete the map HW: SAS Curriculum Pathways (Google it) (Slides 1-9) Log In: Student(s) Search for: America: World Power Launch Resources Fill out worksheet

Name the American Hero who died last week at the age of 95. Name a NY State Senator

December 12, 2016 Do Now: Imperialism Isolationism Homework: Study maps for quiz – You will be given a blank map and asked to label some of the locations Alaska Cartoon Territorial Expansion Chart

Give back tests Geography Bee Video Notes

Do

American Imperialism

Review Questions Test Map Activities Begin Imperial

December 15 Do Now: Expansionsim Homework: Finish annotating (briefly) documents 8-14 and complete the rest of the question packet.   You will use these documents for an in-class essay and test, next Wed/Thursday. Hand up your Alaska Cartoon/Territorial Chart

The New Westward Expansion US Imperialism The New Westward Expansion

US Expansion Through the Years

Beyond US Borders Is a country limited to its landlocked borders?

Imperialism in the Americas

Imperialism around the World

Imperialism in Asia

Go over SAS

December 14, 2016 Do Now: Yellow Journalism Homework: Documents A, C, F, Cartoon Answer the question: What conditions influenced the United State’s expansion abroad? 5 Bullet points for each reading and complete the questions with the cartoon

Map quiz Go over homework - SAS Notes Documents

Map Quiz Label the following on the World Map Colombia Cuba Guam Midway Philippines Panama Label the following on the Latin America Map Costa Rica Panama Puerto Rico Dominican Republic

US Imperialism Policy of Isolation Having little to do with foreign nations

Policy of Imperialism One country takes control of the land and ppl of another country Causes Need raw materials (industrialization) New markets to sell to (industrialization) (Doc F)

Causes (cont’d) “Duty” to civilize and Christianize others Competition between rival nations (Doc A)

US Imperialism Effects Europeans take possessions in Africa and Asia US Navy expands to protect trading ships US wants to expand

Seward’s Folly (Secretary of State) Almost assassinated with Lincoln Alaska – expands US into the Pacific Bought from Russia Folly=ice, cold Instead found gold and OIL! Eventually will be 49th State

Alaska – Purchased for $7.2 million (2.5 cents per acre)

Russia Cartoon

Taking Control of Hawaii British explorer James Cook first visited Hawaii in 1778. Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations and bases for ships trading between the U.S. and Asia. American missionaries and others came to Hawaii and raised crops, particularly sugarcane. The sugar industry grew and gained influence and control. King Kalakaua negotiated a treaty that made Hawaiian sugar cheap to import to the United States. Sugar planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani with the help of the U.S. marines. Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the Republic of Hawaii. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

US Imperialism Hawaii Archipelago = chain of islands Rich soil, warm climate, year round crops Americans (Dole) set up sugar plantations US backs a revolution of plantation owners to overthrow Polynesian Queen Liliuokalani

New American republic asks to be annexed Eventually becomes 50th State

US Economic Foreign Policy US wants to expand its Sphere of Influence Area where a nation has special trading privileges

US Economic Foreign Policy Open Door Policy US wants all nations to trade in each others sphere of influence – ESPECIALLY CHINA! Boxer Rebellion – Trade with China Chinese secret society (Boxers) rebel against increased presence of foreigners International Army defeats the Boxers

US Economic Foreign Policy Japan was an Isolationist Country No trade with westerners U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry Goes to Japan with warships to pressure Japan to trade

The Rise of Japan Perry gets Japan to sign Treaty of Kanagawa Refueling rights, two trade ports Opened trade, Japan becomes industrialized Japan builds a military

December 17, 2015 Do Now: Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy p. 682 Homework: Documents – Finish organizer Review Sheet due day of test (-3) Test is next Tuesday Essay due Tuesday

Go over SAS #1 and #2 Notes on Sp-Am War Video Instructions on Essay Documents

Spanish American War History Channel Video

Opening and Modernization Commodore M.C. Perry - 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa European powers quickly follow U.S. lead. Meiji Restoration - 1868 End of Tokugawa Shogunate’s feudal system. Emperor restored to power. Increased trade with the West. Rapid modernization of industry and armed forces. Colonial expansion begins on Pacific Islands. Japanese Navy From the Age of Galleys directly to the Modern Age. Skips entirely the Age of Sail. Japan relatively poor in natural resources, but has a hard-working, organized, and industrious culture Japanese Navy skips the Age of Sail - galleys to modern age

Diplomacy and naval superiority help the U.S. gain influence in Japan. Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-1800s. Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships into Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to trade. Japan quickly became an industrial and military power to compete with the West.

De Lome Letter Written by a Spanish minister Trash talked McKinley

The Open Door Policy gives the United States an equal footing in China. European powers gained spheres of influence in China. The United States feared it would be shut out of the valuable China trade. Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy, giving all nations equal trading rights in China. Increased foreign presence in China led to the Boxer Rebellion. Western nations cooperated to quell the rebellion and continue exploitation of Chinese trade.

The Open Door U.S. “Open Door” policy in China: Policy has two aspects. (1) Ensure territorial integrity of China. (2) Ensure free trade in China for all countries. China’s Boxer Rebellion - 1900 U.S. Marine Regiment attached to U.S. Army force protecting Westerners. Counter European and Japanese attempts at “spheres of influence”. Yangtze River Patrol - U.S. gunboats protect American commerce.

Go over SAS #1

December 21, 2015 Do Now: Isthmus TAKE OUT DOCUMENT ANSWER SHEET Homework: Review Sheet due day Wed(-3) Test is Wed Essay due Wed

Spanish-American War (1898)

Causes of Spanish-American War “Splendid Little War” Underlying (long term) causes of Spanish-American War US concerned about Cuban Revolution – Cuba vs Spain for Freedom 1. Politics General “Butcher” Weylar – Sent by Spain to stop rebellion Brutal to Cubans Put Cuban ppl in detention camps to keep them away from Cuban rebels (Doc E)

2. Geography Only 90 miles from Florida 3. Economics Investments in Cuba – sugar, rice, tobacco plantations($50 million) Trade - $100 million US did not want to lose $ due to revolution

4. Yellow Journalism Wild, sensational, biased, often false newspaper reporting Cuban rebels portrayed as patriotic, Spanish portrayed as cruel Pulitzer’s World vs. Hearst’s Journal Two newspapers who competed w/each other Sensationalized the war facts to sell more newspapers (Doc D)

Yellow Journalism!

Alfred T. Mahan Author of “Influence of Sea Power Upon History Increased interest in a strong Navy Document – Source B

Immediate Cause of Spanish-American War What: Exploding of the USS Maine – “Remember the Maine” (260 sailors die) Where and When? Havana, Cuba – Feb. 15, 1898 – ship anchored in harbor at night Why was it there? To protect American Citizens and US property (riots) Who was blamed? Spain (“The enemy”)

Sp

Role of newspapers Role of Congress Role of President Tragedy turned into sensation! Role of Congress Declared War – April 25, 1898 Role of President McKinley didn’t want war but gave into war fever

“Splendid Little War” Fought in Cuba and Philippines Teddy Roosevelt (before he was Pres) Led “Rough Riders” cowboys and young college men Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba – They won! Result: Spanish fleet was destroyed

Philippines (Spanish colony) Surprise night attack – April 30, 1898 Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in one day Americans support the war!!

Effects of the Splendid Little War 4 Months long (very short) Losses: 386 men die of war injuries 2000 die of malaria and yellow fever Peace Treaty Cuba – Cuba got its freedom! Caribbean – US gets Puerto Rico Pacific – US gave $20 mil to Spain for Philippines - US got Guam

Peace Treaty – Treaty of Paris In Favor US bases for ships New natural resources/markets Spread American democratic ideas and culture

Spanish American War – Media Rich Video 7 min

Crash Course

Video – Media Rich Learning - Summary

Peace Treaty Objections Expansionism could lead to more war US had no right to take another country Expansionism could lead to more war Anti-Imperialist League Mark Twain, Presidents of Harvard and Stanford, Samuel Gompers, and Carnegie (Doc G , H, I, J)

Peace Treaty Details Platt Amendment: Limited Cuba’s right to make treaties - Cuba is free but… US could get involved to protect American interests (protectorate) Protectorate: independent country controlled by another US gets Naval base – Guantanamo Bay

Peace Treaty Details Puerto Rico – US Territory Philippines – Territory Filipinos fought a war for independence from US 4000 Americans died 200,000 Filipinos died fighting the US 1901 -US won – US sets up gov’t 1946-got independence

US annexes Samoa, Guam, Midway Is, Philippines after Spanish-American War

US Imperialism

Go over SAS #2

How will the US protect its new interests? Panama Canal Need a shorter route between Atlantic and Pacific O. Problems? Panama “owned” by Colombia Colombia wants a lot of $ from US for the property Solution US helps ppl of Panama revolt and get independence T.Roosevelt sends “Great White Fleet” Navy to help

Panama Canal

Building of the Panama Canal Problem: Diseases – Yellow Fever and Malaria 1st must destroy mosquitos Took 10 years to build canal

Guess Who?

US Control in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary: “Big Stick” Policy (an addition to Monroe Doctrine) US CAN intervene to preserve law and order Use military force if necessary to keep others out

President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Encourage US business leaders to invest in Latin America Then US could intervene when economic interests at stake

Latin Americans resent policies Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy Promote democracy by ensuring stability and prevent war in Latin American nations US had a duty to teach republics to elect good men Latin Americans resent policies

Immediate Cause of Spanish-Aerican War USS Maine US ship stationed in Cuba, mysteriously blew up Yellow Journalism-Newspapers exaggerated and sensationalized the explosion American public demanded war

Important Info About the War War declared on April 11, 1898 Teller Amendment: Once US overthrew Spanish rule, Cubans would be given their freedom Most American deaths were the result of ILLNESS, not combat Rough Riders US Presence in Latin America increases

The Philippines The Philippines thought they would receive independence from Spain McKinley planned to “Christianize” them and keep them Emilio Aguinaldo wanted revenge against US Guerilla warfare Aguinaldo loses and Philippines is annexed 1946, Philippines gain independence from US

Effects of the War US Receives : Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines - $20 Millions paid Insular Cases Constitution does not necessarily apply to new areas. Platt Amendment Cuba can’t have treaties with other countries that compromises independence US can intervene to restore order Guantanamo Bay given to US

Puerto Rico The United States governed Puerto Rico as a territory. Foraker Act of 1900 established that the U.S. would appoint a governor and upper house of legislature. Puerto Rican voters elected the lower house.

The United States in Puerto Rico President McKinley also set up a military government on this island. The United States governed Puerto Rico as a territory. Foraker Act of 1900 established that the U.S. would appoint a governor and upper house of legislature. Puerto Rican voters elected the lower house. A 1917 law granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and ability to elect all legislative representatives. In 1952, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth, with power over most of its domestic affairs. The U.S. still controls interstate trade, immigration, and military affairs.

The Spanish-American War Sympathy for Rebels Many people in U.S. felt sympathy for Cuban rebels Viewed Cuban struggle for freedom as similar to American Revolution American newspapers urged United States to enter war War Begins February 1898, U.S. battleship Maine exploded in Havana’s harbor Many American’s immediately assumed Spain was to blame Congress declared war; Spanish-American War began Short War War disastrous for Spain Spanish army defeated in Cuba, navy fleets destroyed in Philippines, Cuba U.S. won war within three months

Treaty ending Spanish-American War Peace Treaty Treaty ending Spanish-American War United States received Puerto Rico, Guam Agreed to purchase Philippines for twenty million dollars Spain agreed to give up Cuba, but U.S. did not want Cuba to have full independence U.S. made Cuba a protectorate by forcing it to include Platt Amendment as part of new constitution Platt Amendment allowed U.S. to intervene in Cuba, approve foreign treaties, lease land at Guantánamo Bay for naval base

A Warning to Europeans Monroe Doctrine 1823, Monroe Doctrine declared Americas off limits to European imperialism, except for colonies that already existed Seen as idle threat by U.S. until end of Spanish-American War Considerable Financial Interests Late 1800s, Europe and U.S. had considerable financial interests in Latin America; many nations there were deeply indebted to foreign creditors 1904, European creditors threatened force to collect in Dominican Republic Roosevelt Corollary To protect U.S. interests, maintain stability, Roosevelt announced the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine The U.S. vowed to use military might to keep Europeans out of the Americas

Increasing U.S. Power United States sent troops to several nations in early 1900s U.S. forces entered Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Cuba to restore civil order United States took control of finances in those countries Claimed need to prevent financial chaos Reality: U.S. used Roosevelt Corollary to become even more involved in political affairs of Latin American countries

Fighting the War Geography U.S forces Spanish Empire- Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam U.S. strategic interests Panama Canal, Hawaii U.S forces Atlantic: Sampson/Schley Asiatic: Dewey (China/Japan) Mahanian interests Robley D. Evans, , William T. Sampson, Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge Navy’s Plan to Roosevelt (Ass’t SECNAV) Attack Spanish Fleet in Philippine Islands North Atlantic Squadron make destruction of Spain’s fleet in Western Hemisphere its highest priority Net result: American Empire in Philippines and confirmation of battleship theory of Naval Warfare Battleship never vindicated!

U.S. “Empire” Established From Spain in 1898: Puerto Rico Guam Philippines Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba (Spain sells other island territories in the Pacific to the German Empire in 1899.) Formerly Independent: Hawaii (Annexed 1898) Wake Island - 1899 “American” Samoa (Harbor of Pago Pago) - 1899

Panama Canal Panamanian Revolution against Colombia - 1903. Engineered and influenced by U.S. (T. Roosevelt) Panama Canal Zone ceded to U.S. Construction of the canal begins in 1904. Completed in 1914. Increased importance of U.S. control of Caribbean Sea. Protection of Panama Canal is vital to defense of the U.S. – Controls Atlantic and Pacific

The Panama Canal U.S. gained control over more territory with building of Panama Canal 1880s, French company had tried unsuccessfully to build canal across Isthmus of Panama, then part of Colombia 1903, U.S. bought French property, equipment Colombia refused to allow U.S. to build canal U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt sent warships to support uprising against Colombia Panama declared independent, signed treaty granting land to build canal; became Panama Canal Zone, ruled directly by U.S. Panama Canal Zone 1904-1914, Panama Canal built Major medical advances required to control effects of yellow fever, malaria on canal workers Shortened sea voyage from San Francisco to New York City by about 8,000 miles Building the Canal

Positives and Negatives of US Imperialism US seen as a world leader More territory to get natural resources from Fueling stations in Pacific Negatives Came at price for ppl of acquired lands More to police – more you have, more you have to worry about!