Robert Greenwald, P.Eng, MBA February 26, 2004 Checking Your Energy Efficiency and Reducing Your Bottom Line Energy Auditing Robert Greenwald, P.Eng, MBA February 26, 2004

Presentation Overview Why an Energy Audit? Types of Energy Audits Planning Questions The Energy Audit Process Conducting an Energy Audit: 7 Steps Examples of Energy Audits

Why An Energy Audit? Identify where energy is going Identify savings opportunities See how you compare Build a business case for investment Part of a comprehensive environmental program

Types of Energy Audits ASHRAE Level 1 – Walk Through Assessment Level 2 - Energy Survey and Analysis Level 3 – Detailed Analysis of Capital Intensive Modifications Natural Resources Canada Federal Buildings Initiative (FBI) Yardstick Audit Screening Audit Walkthrough Audit Engineering Audit

Planning Questions What are the desired outcomes (needs analysis)? What data and support is available? What level of funding is required? Is the focus on “Buildings” or “Processes”? What energy types/ fuels should be included? What is the available budget?

The Energy Audit Process Data Gathering Utility Analysis Inventory and Review of Equipment Performance Measurements and Monitoring Identify Potential Energy Conservation Measures Analysis of Saving Potential Financial Analysis Reporting

Seven Steps to Energy and Cost Reduction Understand the Cost of Energy Compare Yourself Understand When Energy is Used Understand Where Energy is Used Eliminate Waste Maximize Efficiency Optimize Energy Supply

Understand the Cost of Energy Electricity Demand ($/kW) Energy ($/kWh) Power Factor Time of Use Rates Natural Gas or Fuel Cost per GJ, m3 or litre Cost per equivalent kWh Fixed vs. Variable Costs

Understand Demand Charges Cost to Operate: “Off Peak” Time approx $8 “On Peak” Time approx $330 50 kW heater for 5 hours

2. Compare Yourself Internally Externally historical comparison temporary metering & analysis permanent metering Externally versus industry figures other facilities in your area other industry organizations

Monitoring and Targeting Measuring energy consumption over time Relating energy consumption to drivers Setting targets for reduced consumption

Example: Fuel Use in a Hospital

3. Understand When You Use Energy

Metering Leads to Opportunities Excess overnight and weekend use identified Confirm on / off schedules of systems Identify peak demand control potential Scheduling – reduce start-up peaks Investigate off-production usage Avoid infrequent demand peaks Equipment loading – consider sequencing

Example: Office Building Peak at 7am

4. Understand Where You Use Energy

Identify Largest Areas of Consumption

Electrical Load Inventory Loads Qty Unit kW Total Diversity Factor Peak Hours kWh Fluorescent F96 4 0.165 0.66 1 300 198 Incandescent 100 W 24 0.1 2.4 0.9 2.2 100 240 400 W MH Lights 21 0.465 9.765 9.8 420 4 101 Compressor (60 hp) 50 400 20 000 Pump (20 hp) 16 0.75 12 6 400 Microwave 2 Coffee Machine 1.5 3 200 600 83 77.7 31 541

5. Eliminate Energy Waste “Turn it off” Lights, fans, pumps Leaks (air, water) Freezer/cooler air leakage “Turn it down” Temperature, water & air flow Compressed air pressure & flow “Control it” Exhaust / make-up air balance

6. Maximize Efficiency Maintenance / Low Cost Technology Filters and lubrication Clean heat exchangers Motor conditions Improve combustion efficiencies Technology Lighting Upgrades (LED, CFL, Fluorescent) High efficiency equipment (boilers, motors, chillers)

Overall Approach: Match & Maximize Match the Need Reduce Losses

Lighting Systems Turn off washroom lights Use compact fluorescents 4-4’ lamps left on = $45+/year 200 cfm exhaust fan = $500+/year gas Use compact fluorescents 10 x 60W -> 15W = $200/year can payback on maintenance alone! Use LED lamps in EXIT signs 10 signs = $165/year

Example: Lighting Audit of North Van School District 40 buildings with a total of 218,000 m2 Annual Electrical Savings of 2,400,000 kWh Annual Cost Savings of approx $190,000 $1,600,000 capital investment 8.6 years simple payback Reduction of over 100,000 kg CO2 equiv Additional maintenance savings

HVAC Equipment Maintenance / Low Cost Measures Night temperature setback 1°C = 3% of gas bill Maintain air filters Dirty filter + 25,000 cfm = 5 kW ! Boiler tune-ups Average = 2.5% of gas bill

Process Equipment Reduce Waste Maximize Efficiency Replace oversized equipment Eliminate compressed air leaks Shut off motors, conveyors, lighting when not in use Improve combustion efficiencies Maximize Efficiency High efficiency motors Look for variable speed applications

EE Motors - Watch the Speed! EE Motors have higher efficiency Typically 1 – 5% higher Energy-efficient motors tend to have higher rated/operating speeds 1 to 3 % higher rated speeds When driving a centrifugal load 1% speed increase = 3.5% power increase Ooops! Did we save???

“Other” Equipment Turn off monitors Use insulated coffee carafes 10 units at night = $130+/year Use insulated coffee carafes Idling coffee maker = $55/year … and often a fire hazard Controls for pop coolers Occupancy controls = $30+/year

7. Optimize Energy Supply Consider heat recovery After minimizing consumption Consider renewable energy Solar water/air heating Daylighting Wind

Use an outside wall to heat make-up air! Solar Air Heating Use an outside wall to heat make-up air!

The Solar Wall TM

Examples of Energy Audits Preliminary Audit Chemical Lime, Langley School District 34 (Abbotsford) Walk Through Audit BCIT UVic Engineering Audit North Vancouver School District (42 Schools) Bentall Centre, Tower 3

Thank You Robert Greenwald, P.Eng. Prism Engineering Ltd. (604) 205-5500 robert@prismengineering.com