Referencing APA (6th ed.)

Learning outcomes In this session you will learn Why you need to reference What is plagiarism? How to cite from a book, journal and website How to write a reference list Secondary references Where to get help

Referencing Academic writing requires you to understand the ideas and writing of other people. You should always acknowledge the work of others Referencing your source material also allows your readers to find your sources and read them for themselves It stops you plagiarising! Chichester College uses APA 6th edition, following the style used at the University of Portsmouth Explain the term “plagiarising”

Referencing using APA 6th edition In the main part of your essay you need to detail clearly the surname of the author you are quoting from and the year their work was published (add a page number if appropriate) – citation The reader should then be able to cross-reference this to a more detailed list at the end - reference list So, how do we actually go about referencing. When you are writing your report/essay, if you want to quote from someone's work, you should place the surname of the Author and the year that the work was published along with a page number in the main text of your work. This is known as a CITATION. At the end of your essay, you will have a detailed list of all the sources. This is called the REFERENCE LIST. It is really important that both the citations and the reference list are consistent, uniform and really easy to understand! This is the suggested system for use in Chichester College. There are others! Check with your teacher that this is what they require.

Direct quotes Use the exact words from the book or web page Keep them brief, just a few words or a couple of sentences Put quotation marks around the quote Add a citation and reference to show where you found the information

Indirect quotes It is better to rewrite the information you find in your own words You can summarise or paraphrase the information You still need to provide a citation and reference as you didn’t create the original information yourself

Summarising To summarise you need to give a brief overview of the information Include the main idea and key points in your own words It should be much shorter than the original writing

Paraphrasing To paraphrase you need to completely rewrite the information in your own words It shows what you know and understand about the subject It should be about the same length as the original information

How to avoid plagiarising – and last minute panics Good record keeping and note taking are essential to this process Do not copy and paste from the internet into your notes Read the article, make your own notes and use these for your assignment Make sure you collect the information you need to reference the webpage Have a system to keep track of your sources of information Write a reference for every source you think you might use You can collect these by using a spreadsheet, document, sheets of paper or cards

What is plagiarism? Copying or paraphrasing other people’s work or ideas without full acknowledgement

Citing and referencing: taking the frights out of your cites! An entertaining and informative look at accurate citation and referencing and avoiding plagiarism from the University of Cardiff https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/movies/flash/4citing.html

Is it plagiarism? 1. Copy and paste a paragraph of text from a web site without enclosing it in quotation marks and referencing the source? Yes 2. Use the ideas of another author without providing a reference even if you write them in your own words? Yes 3. Claim work produced by another student as your own? Yes 4. Copy a diagram or data table from a web site, providing a reference for the source underneath? No

Is it plagiarism? 5. Submit all or part of one essay for two separate assignments? Yes 6. Copy words from a book into your own work, but place quotation marks around them and provide a citation? No 7. Include a fact or saying in your assignment which is generally known without referencing the original source? No 8. Incorporate text from another source, changing one or two words and providing a citation? Yes Cardiff University (2006)

Examples of citations (books) Direct quotation Fill (2013, p. 76) states that “the four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour”. or “The four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour” (Fill, 2013, p. 76). Indirect quotation Fill (2013, p. 76) identifies four sensory perception factors. There are four sensory perception factors (Fill, 2013, p. 76).

Examples of citations from webpages Note – Webpages do not always have all the information available in other sources. Use the following formats. Direct quotation “How could we grab the attention of a generation of teens and persuade them that cereals were intensely cool?” (Kellogg’s, 2014). Direct quotation with no date “Time management is about making things happen, rather than having them happen to you. You need to get control!” (Greenhow, n.d.). Indirect quotation with no author In a roundup of the latest mobile payment technologies (“Google takes on Apple”, 2015) . . .

Citation Exercise Identify which of these direct quotations from the book Dracula by Bram Stoker are correctly cited

Book citations - answer “As the Count leaned over me and his hands touched me, I could not repress a shudder” Dracula. “If ever a face meant death – if looks could kill – we saw it at that moment” (Stoker, 1994, p. 254). “There in one of the great boxes, of which there were fifty in all, on a pile of newly dug earth, lay the Count!” Stoker, Dracula (1994, p. 63). When she was in bed he came and himself fixed the wreath of garlic round her neck (Stoker, 1994, p. 160).

References The reference you write in your reference list will give all the details of the source where you read the original quotation The reference list should be one alphabetical list and include references to all types of resource used Begin each reference with the surname of the author/editor or the organisation name which you used to begin the citation

Title Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation Author Fill, C. Publisher Pearson Place Harlow Edition 6th ed. Year 2013 This example shows where to find all the information necessary to compile a book reference

APA references books Author, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher. Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.

Over to you… Create a citation & reference for the book using the photocopied sheets provided Citation Remember Author surname, year, page number Reference Author surname, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher.

Answer Citation Mullins (2010, p. 151) points out “tests can sample behaviour only at one particular moment in time”. Reference Mullins, L. J. (2010). Management & organisational behaviour (9th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.

APA references - webpages The basic pattern for a webpage is Author’s surname, Initials. Or organisation (year, when page was produced or document published). Title. Retrieved from Internet address Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from http://www.carat.com/uk/en/work/kelloggs-krave-the-quest-for-the-chocovore-idol/

Webpage information If no year is given write n.d. You can use an organisation as an author if you cannot see the name of a person If no author is given begin with the title of the document You must include the words Retrieved from before the web address If the document is part of a large website e.g. a government department, give the name of the department followed by a colon : before the web address

APA References Webpage examples Webpage with no date Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from http://people.brunel.ac.uk/mastmmg/ssguide/sshome.htm Webpage with no author Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34216475

Exercise Produce a summary indirect quotation of the paragraph marked *. Create a citation and reference for this webpage using the photocopied sheet Citation Author surname [or organisation] , year Reference Author surname, Initials. (year,). Title of webpage. Retrieved from http://www.etc

Answer Citation Implementing a workplace social network can transform internal communication (CIPD, 2016). Reference CIPD. (2016). Employee communication. Retrieved from http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employee-communication.aspx

APA references Articles – printed sources Magazine article: Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week, 22-23. Journal article: McQueen, H. & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3), 241-253.

Exercise Create a citation and reference for this monthly magazine article using the photocopied sheets Citation Author surname, year, page number Reference Author surname, Initials. (year, month). Title of article. Title of magazine, page number.

Answer Handy (2012, p. 36) suggests that “the next good idea would be to require directors to obey the law and put the long-term interests of the company as a whole before those of themselves . . . ”. Handy, C. (2012, October). The unintended consequences of good ideas. Harvard Business Review, 36.

Secondary referencing “What if I haven’t read the original source?” If you haven’t read the original source you don’t need to give the details of the original in your reference list You should reference the source you actually read You need to cite both sources, the original author and date and the source where you found it

Secondary citation & reference “The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment ...” This definition of strategy found on page 113 of a management handbook by Michael Armstrong published in 2006 is attributed to authors Johnson and Scholes from an original source published in 1993.

Secondary citation & reference Citation for both sources “The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment ...” (Johnson & Scholes, 1993, cited by Armstrong, 2006, p. 113). Reference for the book you actually read Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page.

Sample reference list Your reference list will include all resources in one alphabetical sequence by author Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page. Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week, 22-23. CIPD (2016). Employee communication. Retrieved from http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employee-communication.aspx Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson. Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34216475 Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from http://people.brunel.ac.uk/mastmmg/ssguide/sshome.htm Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from http://www.carat.com/uk/en/work/kelloggs-krave-the-quest-for-the-chocovore-idol/ McQueen, H. & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3), 41-253.

Where to get help - online http://referencing.port.ac.uk

Where to get help You can download the Chichester College referencing handouts from the library page in Chichester Online Ask in the library if you would like further help with referencing

Review of learning outcomes Why you need to reference What is plagiarism? How to cite from a book How to write a reference list Secondary references Where to get help