Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement)

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Presentation transcript:

Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement) 21/11/2017 www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk CHROMATOGRAPHY © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1098 17-Jul-16

Type Stationary Phase Mobile Phase Column Powder (SiO2 or Al2O3) solvent Paper (simple TLC) Absorbent paper TLC Powder (SiO2 or Al2O3) on glass/plastic plate Gas Powder (SiO2 or Al2O3) (sometimes coated with liquid) Inert gas (e.g. Ar, N2) © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

In ALL chromatography Substances separated according to relative affinity (attraction) to stationary and mobile phase. If stronger affinity for mobile phase, then move quickly If stronger affinity for stationary phase, the move slowly © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

Non-polar solvents: alkanes Polar solvents: water, alcohols STATIONARY PHASE: SiO2 (silica) and Al2O3 (alumina) are regarded as a polar powder (due to the nature of their surface structure) MOBILE PHASE: Non-polar solvents: alkanes Polar solvents: water, alcohols e.g. hexane as solvent on silica non-polar molecules would move quickly polar molecules would move slowly © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement) 21/11/2017 www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY TLC © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

Stationary: Powder (SiO2 or Al2O3) Mobile: Solvent

For colourless samples: View results under UV light

can be stained using ninhydrin Amino acids can be stained using ninhydrin

solvent front For substance R Rf = 3 = 0.6 5 cm 5 For substance S Rf = 4 = 0.8 4 cm 3 cm starting line R S © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement) 21/11/2017 www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

“Large scale TLC” Stationary: Powder (SiO2 or Al2O3) Mobile: Solvent

FROM: http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/4241_RCMchromatogrpahy.jpg

FROM: wikipedia

Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement) 21/11/2017 www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY GC © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

Long coiled tube packed with powder. Inert gas passes through tube Retention time = time to travel through tube Samples often analysed by mass spectrometer as they leave tube

Gas chromatogram (e.g. of a fraction of crude oil)