Detection of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi By Abdallah Mahmoud Ahmed Hassane

INTRODUCTION

Food safety and consumer protection Food and feed stuffs Water content Mycotoxigenic fungi Mycotoxins

MOST COMMON MYCOTOXINS Fungi Substrate Mycotoxin Aspergillus flavus Maize, Groundnut, Cotton seed Aflatoxins Aspergillus parasiticus Aspergillus nomius Aspergillus ochraceus Barkey wheat Ochratoxin Aspergillus carbonerius Grapes wine, Coffee Penicillium verrucosum Wheat, Barley, Maize Penicillium expansum Apple Patulin Fusarium oxysporum Fumonisins Fusarium sp. T-2 toxin Claviceps purpurea Rye Ergot alkaloids

Secondary metabolites Intermediate Pathway

Materials & Methods

Determination of moisture content Mycological examination 1 Collection of samples 2 Determination of moisture content 3 Mycological examination 4 Detection of mycotoxins in the samples 5 Mycotoxin production ability 6 Molecular Identification of mycotoxigenic fungi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Collection of samples

Mycotoxin production ability CAM Amm. Vapour

Mycotoxin production ability

Detection of mycotoxins in the samples

Bioassay Methods for Mycotoxins Artemia salina Bacillus cereus

Detection of mycotoxins Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates TLC solvents Detection

Detection of mycotoxins by HPLC

Detection of mycotoxins by Dipstick

Detection of mycotoxins by ELISA

Molecular Identification of mycotoxigenic fungi

Control of Mycotoxins Physical Chemical Biological

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