Chapter 9 Laptops and Mobile Devices PC Support & Repair Chapter 9 Laptops and Mobile Devices

Objectives After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: Explain how to configure, repair, upgrade, maintain and troubleshoot laptops and mobile devices. Explain the purpose and characteristics of laptops. Explain how to configure laptop power settings and wireless settings. Explain how to remove and install laptop components. Explain the purpose and characteristics of mobile devices. Explain how to perform common preventive maintenance techniques for laptops and mobile devices. Explain how to troubleshoot laptops and mobile devices.

Laptop components 9.1

Ports & Things Identify as many ports and other things on the sides of a laptop as possible:

Laptop Ports SD Card Slot Memory Stick Reader HDMI Port USB 3.0 Port USB 2.0 Ports VGA Port Ethernet Port DC Port USB 3.0 port is blue, but can also have the Super Speed logo. The SS logo with a lightning bolt is high-powered, enough to charge smartphones & mobile devices.

Laptop Ports Cable Lock Microphone & Headphone Optical Drive

Other Laptop Ports Thunderbolt (20 Gbps; video capture cards, displays, RAID), mini Display port, eSATA (combo USB & eSATA; 6Gbps), Parallel, Modem, S-Video

Special Keys & Buttons Volume, Brightness, Dual Displays, Bluetooth/WiFi On & Off, Touchpad, Pointing Stick, Bluetooth logo

Review- 4Q USB 3.0 ports are commonly what color? Blue What else can you plug into an eSATA port? USB device What does the SS mean when attached to the USB logo? Super Speed…it’s USB 3.0 If there’s a lightning bolt attached to that logo, then what does that mean? High-powered charging is available through that port

Internal Laptop Components Motherboard Laptop smaller than desktop Proprietary RAM SODIMM Smaller than desktop RAM

Internal Laptop Components CPU Designed to use less power & generate less heat Do not require cooling Storage 1.8” or 2.5” HD Intel Core i5-3230M 3.2GHz Mobile OEM CPU

Docking Station Laptop attaches to dock with connector on laptop Dock has expansion slots & other ports Keep peripherals hooked up all the time

Port Replicator Similar to docking station; connects via USB* No expansion slots, just more ports Keep peripherals connected all the time *Universal ones made by others that attach with USB. The names are used interchangeably today. The Docking Station will have expansion types lots.

Displays LCD LED OLED LED/OLED is the thinnest Fluorescent backlight Array of LED lighting Even brightness & half the power OLED Organic compounds between electrodes produce light LED/OLED is the thinnest

Wi-Fi Antennas Wi-Fi antennas typically located above the screen

Webcam and Microphone

Review- 4Q Which type of common display is bright & energy efficient? LED What kind of memory goes in laptops? SODIMM Which kind of laptop expansion station includes expansion slots? Docking station Which power saving mode saves files/programs to the hard drive and powers down? Hibernate

Laptop configuration 9.2

Power Management Managing power usage correctly on a laptop will make it last longer on battery ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) Allows you to create power management schemes in Windows Supported by BIOS/UEFI & the OS It can turn off power to peripherals when not in use To configure the power schemes in Windows, the ACPI must be enabled in BIOS.

Power Option Settings ACPI can be enabled/disabled in BIOS/UEFI. Remember the difference between sleep and hibernate.

Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.1 2.4GHz Low power & cost Class 2 most common (33ft.) PAN (Personal Area Network) Up to version 4.1 (more features) Pair with PIN 128-bit encryption Supports voice, music, videos and data transfer Class 1 is most powerful (more power & up to 330ft). When trying to configure Bluetooth on a laptop or mobile device, make sure it is switched on and on in BIOS.

Cellular WAN Some laptops have it built in Could connect your phone (tethering/hot spot) Tethering, can be made using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or by using an USB cable.

Wi-Fi Built-in or USB/expansion card Mini-PCIe & PCI Express Micro are current

Review- 3Q Which power mode puts the laptop in low-power mode and saves the current state/open files in memory? Sleep What is the current power management mode which allows Windows & BIOS to work together for power schemes? ACPI Your Mini-PCIe wireless card has failed. What do you think is the easiest & most cost effective solution to connect to the network? Wireless USB or Ethernet

Review- 4Q What is the IEEE standard for Bluetooth? 802.15.1 What frequency does Bluetooth operate on? 2.4GHz What is the most common class for Bluetooth that operates at a 33ft distance? Class 2 Where are a laptop’s Wi-Fi antenna located? Around the display

Laptop hardware & installation 9.3

Laptop Expansion Slots Some laptops have expansion slots Express Card/34 (34mm wide) Express Card/54 (54mm wide) Both 5mm thick Hot-swappable Push in slot Press button to eject Replaced by USB 2.0/3.0 ports Additional memory card reader External hard drive access TV turner cards USB and FireWire ports Wi-Fi connectivity Safely eject a hot-swappable card

What Kinds of Express Cards? USB 3.0 ports 34; USB 3.0 ports 54; USB 2.0 & IEEEa Firewire ports; Serial port

Flash Memory External SSD or flash drive Flash cards & readers Fast access Low-power USB or eSATA Flash cards & readers SD or SDHC most common

Smart Card Reader Chip Credit Card & SIM cards The chip contains a microprocessor It stores & transacts data More secure Contact & Contactless types

Laptop RAM 204-pin DDR3 SODIMM Check max RAM supported first Remove power & battery first Accessible from bottom Insert on an angle & push down Check after done SODIMM also has been 200, 144, 100, and 72-pin Replace RAM

Activity Research & Find RAM You’ll be given a laptop model Find the type of RAM it takes Find how many slots available Find the max RAM supported Find RAM that fits laptop

Review- 4Q How many pins is today’s DDR3 SODIMM? ExpressCards come in two widths. Name them. 34 & 54mm Why is flash memory better than magnetic? Faster access & lower power usage What is in the chip of a smart card? Microprocessor & data

Laptop Hardware Replacement Customer replaceable units (CRUs) By customer RAM, battery Field-replaceable units (FRUs) By technician Motherboard, display, keyboard Return to manufacturer or service center for repair CAUTION: Before attempting to repair a laptop or portable device, check the warranty to see if repairs during the warranty period must be done at an authorized service center to avoid invalidating the warranty. If you repair a laptop yourself, always back up the data and disconnect the device from the power source. Always consult the service manual before beginning a laptop repair.

Rules for Disassembly Follow documentation Use appropriate tools Document & label cable and screw locations Most parts are proprietary- DON’T BREAK THEM! Take your time!

Laptop Battery Signs to change the battery The battery does not hold a charge The battery overheats The battery is leaking Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) used today Some do not have removable battery More cells=longer lasting battery (3-cell, 6-cell, 9-cell) More cells also= thicker battery Charge before use. A replacement battery must meet or exceed the specifications of the laptop manufacturer. New batteries must use the same form factor as the original battery. Voltages, power ratings, and AC adapters must also meet manufacturer specifications.

Activity Lab 9.3.2.3- Research Laptop Batteries Find a battery for a specific laptop Compare it to a generic version Which would you buy?

Keyboard & Touchpad Replacement FRU Some keyboards are easily replaced without removing case Some you must remove case Replace Keyboard

Replacing the Display Screen black= replace screen Screen dim= replace inverter Converts DC to AC power LED backlight has no inverter (DC power from mobo) Replace inverter

Backlight & Inverter

Hard Drive Replacement 2.5” or 1.8” hard drive, SATA or SSD Mots likely accessible from bottom Could be under keyboard or side mount More Difficult HD Replacement

Optical Drive Replacement

Activity Lab 9.3.2.7- Find a replacement hard drive On laptop, remove/replace RAM, Hard Drive, Keyboard

Wireless Card Replacement Mini-PCI or mini-PCIe (current) Mini-PCIe has 2 antennas Maybe be accessible from back or under keyboard Antenna wires along display Mini-PCIe Wireless Card Replacement

Wireless Card Replacement

Review- 4Q What kind of memory goes in laptops? SODIMM What should you do before disassembling a laptop? Unplug, remove battery, remove accessories If your LCD display is dim, what is the problem? Bad inverter What is the current type of wireless card in laptops? Mini-PCIe

Mobile device hardware overview 9.4

Mobile Device Parts You can get instructions to replace screen, battery Could void warranty

Field Replaceable Parts You can fix touchscreens, glass, replace batteries Get parts from manufacturer Parts from other sources void warranty Field-replaceable parts: Battery Memory card SIM card SIM cards can also hold user data such as contacts and text messages.

Non-Upgradeable Hardware Most components connect direct to circuit board No way to upgrade Everything is soldered to a circuit board, sometimes even the battery. This would be non-upgradeable hardware. When a mobile device no longer possesses the capabilities or operates at the speeds required by the user, it must be replaced. Often, old mobile devices can be traded in for credit when purchasing a new one. The items are refurbished and resold or donated. Basic mobile devices can be donated to be reused when they cannot be traded in. Check for local donation programs in your area to find where these devices can be taken.

Touchscreens Multi-touch gestures Proximity Sensor Slide/Swipe Double touch Touch screen twice quickly to zoom in Touch the screen twice quickly again to zoom out Long touch Touch & hold until options available (copy/cut/paste) Scroll Pinch to Zoom Out/Spread to Zoom In Proximity Sensor Turns on screen when away from ear; off when near

Storage Flash memory Low-power, reliability, lightweight, small, fast, no noise

Connections Wired Wireless MicroUSB Lightning USB-C NFC IR Bluetooth Near field communication (NFC) – NFC enables mobile devices to establish radio communications with other devices by placing the devices close together or by touching them together Infrared (IR) – If a mobile device is IR enabled, it can be used to control other IR controlled devices remotely, such as a TV, set top box, or audio equipment. Bluetooth – This wireless technology allows data exchange over a short distance between two Bluetooth-enabled devices or connect to other Bluetooth-enabled peripheral devices, such as speakers or headphones.

Activity

Activity- ANSWERS

Mobile Device Accessories Protective Cases External batteries Portable chargers Dock charger/speaker Headset Credit card readers Game controller Memory cards

Wearables Wearable devices are clothing or accessories that have miniature computing devices Smart watches Fitness monitors Smart headsets (glasses or VR)

Specialty Devices Smart Camera E-Readers Phablets Send pics to PC to Cloud wirelessly Connect to other devices for added features E-Readers Looks like ink on paper Download content to it Lightweight, long battery, great readability in sunlight Phablets 5-7” screen Smartphone to tablet

Preventive maintenance and troubleshooting for laptops & mobile devices 9.5 & 9.6

Preventive Maintenance- Laptop Set a schedule/plan for laptops What 3 things should be included? Cleaning, Hard Drive maintenance, software updates Be Proactive What should you use to clean laptops? Compressed air, mild solution for outside, lint-free cloth Caution: Before you clean a laptop, disconnect it from all power sources and remove the battery. Keep vents clear, display clean, keyboard clean, optical drive clean with cleaning disc.

Common Probable Causes

Common Steps to Take

Troubleshooting & Common Problems No display CAUSES: failed inverter or backlight, laptop on external display setting Can’t display on projector CAUSES: not connected, display settings/Fn key Dim display CAUSE: inverter failure Flickering display CAUSE: backlight, replace screen or laptop ($$)

Troubleshooting & Common Problems No Power CAUSES: plugged in, test outlet, check AC cord in brick, check adapter with multimeter Battery not charging/not holding a charge CAUSES: battery contacts dirty, defective if very hot or warped, battery life old Keyboard problems CAUSES: sticky keys (dirty; replace keys or whole keyboard),

Troubleshooting & Common Problems No WiFi connectivity CAUSES: WiFi switch off, lost connection (sign on again), WiFi card bad, check device manager

Common Problems & Solutions

Common Problems & Solutions

Common Problems & Solutions

Common Problems & Solutions

Chapter 9 Laptops and Mobile Devices PC Support & Repair Chapter 9 Laptops and Mobile Devices