Tropical Marine Biology

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Presentation transcript:

Tropical Marine Biology

Reef - any upthrusting substrate in the ocean (generally rock or coral)

Coral Reef - compacted and cemented assemblage of skeletons and skeletal sediment of sedentary organisms living in warm marine water with strong illumination

Classification of Reefs

Types of Coral Reefs Atolls - ring or horseshoe shaped

Types of Coral Reefs Atolls -

Types of Coral Reefs 2. Fringing Reefs - built on margins of land

Types of Coral Reefs 2. Barrier Reefs - Separated from land by lagoons

Comparison of the three types of reefs -form at the edge of land mass -form around volcanoes stand offshore separated from land by lagoon -outer edge is upturned

Final type of reef - Patch Reef -isolated coral community - often in lagoon

How are reefs formed? Atolls as an example

Lyell - 1832 - Principles of Geology -Formation of Atolls -corals grew on submerged volcanoes

R.A. Daly- 1910 - Glacial Control Theory

Darwin - 1840’s Theory of Volcanic Subsidence

Drilling at Eniwetok Atoll Why????

Drilling at Eniwetok Atoll Drill core Coral skeleton matrix (CaCO3) Ca. 1400 m Igneous (volcanic) rock

In the process of atoll formation, the three kinds of reefs grade into one another