Whip around Where is your favorite place to eat (i.e. restaurant)? Be prepared to share aloud this story

1 ABOUT COMMUNICATION Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Our Agenda Why We Communicate The Nature of Communication How We Communicate Interpersonally Building Your Communication Competence

Why We Communicate Physical needs Relational needs Identity needs Spiritual needs Instrumental needs © Minneapolis Star Tribune/ZUMA Press. Inc/Alamy

Why We Communicate Physical Needs Presence or absence of communication affects physical health Wide range of health threats can result from lack of close relationships Positive relationships lead to better health Personal communication is essential for our well-being

Relational Needs Communication provides vital link with others Link between effective interpersonal communication and happiness Many not successful at managing relationships Positive relationships may be most important source of satisfaction and well-being Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Why We Communicate Identity Needs Identity comes from way we interact with others Deprived of communication, we would have no sense of self Gain idea of who we are from way others define us

Spiritual Needs Communication lets us share our beliefs and values with others. Principles valued in life Loyalty Equal treatment for all people Morals What’s right and wrong Beliefs about the meaning of life Faith (e.g. Christianity)

Instrumental Needs Communication helps us accomplish personal and professional tasks. Short-term: Order a drink Ask for directions Long-term: Getting a new job Earning a promotion

Assessing Communication Needs Apply three concepts we discussed today to the following clip from Modern Family. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfHTSFwz4No

The Nature of Communication Scholars have used three models to demonstrate how the process of communication works: Action model Interaction model Transaction model © Westend61/Getty Images, RF

The Nature of Communication The action model treats communication as a one-way process A source formulates an idea The source encodes the idea in the form of a message The message is sent through a communication channel A receiver decodes the message Interpretation is affected by noise

The Process of Communication A Linear View Communication is “done to” a receiver Figure 1.1

The Nature of Communication The interaction model treats communication as a two-way process It includes all elements of the action model, but also suggests that: Receivers provide feedback through verbal and nonverbal behavior The context of communication affects its meaning

The Nature of Communication The transaction model treats communication as a multi-way process It includes all elements of the interaction model, but also suggests that: Both parties in conversation are simultaneously senders and receivers Communication flows in both directions at once

The Process of Communication A Transactional View Communication as a uniquely human process Figure 1.2

The importance of listening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP55nA8fQ9I What is active listening? Did Ray engage in active listening? What could have been done differently to improve the communication in this scene?

The Nature of Communication Communication has many characteristics Relies on multiple channels Passes through perceptual filters Given its meaning by people Has literal meanings and relational implications Sends messages, whether intentional or unintentional Governed by rules

Case Study Kristie and Jacob have been dating one another exclusively for four months. They both have part-time jobs and hope to complete their college studies within two years. Jacob thinks they should move in together. Kristie is reluctant to agree until she has more commitment from Jacob. Jacob doesn’t want to make promises he can’t keep. Kristie thinks that if they just communicate more they will be able to solve the problem, but Jacob thinks that talking about it more won’t help. What needs do Kristie and Jacob seem to have? Identify one element of the communication model that might help explain some of the communication problems they are having and help them communicate more effectively. What communication principles and/or misconceptions described in Chapter 1 may be operating in this situation? What likely role with mediated communication play in the scenario? How would you advise Jacob and Kristie to proceed with their communication practices?

Nonverbal Group Project Get into groups of 4 Swap contact information

Next Time Finish chapter 1 Chapter 1 quiz

The Process of Communication Interpersonal and Impersonal Communication Quantitative Communication Any interaction between two people, usually face to face Can be considered routine or impersonal Qualitative Communication Occurs when we treat others as unique individuals regardless of context or the number of people involved

The Process of Communication Interpersonal and Impersonal Communication Differences between interpersonal and less personal communication Uniqueness Irreplaceability Interdependence Disclosure Intrinsic Rewards

The Process of Communication Interpersonal and Impersonal Communication Most relationships neither interpersonal or impersonal Fall on continuum Buber I-It Relationships are stable, predictable, and detached People do things for us E.g. pump gas, laugh at our jokes, buy products, etc. “Can you pick me up after work?” “How can I get him/her to love me?” I-Thou Encounter each person as an individual; not a group Constantly changes No persuasion or control in relationships

The Nature of Communication Myth: Everyone is a communication expert Myth: Communication will solve any problem Myth: Communication can break down Myth: Communication is inherently good Myth: More communication is always better

Communicating Interpersonally Interpersonal communication (IPC) is . . . Communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship and that, as it evolves, helps them negotiate and define their relationship

Communicating Interpersonally IPC is pervasive IPC can improve our relationships IPC can improve our health © Flying Colours Ltd/Getty Images, RF

Building Your Communication Competence Competent communicators are effective and appropriate Effectiveness describes how well your communication achieves its goals Appropriateness describes how well your communication complies with the rules and expectations of the social situation

Building Your Communication Competence Competent communicators share many characteristics and skills Self-monitoring Adaptability Empathy Cognitive complexity Ethics

Building Your Communication Competence Competent online communicators observe these practices: Being aware of the potential for misunderstanding Presuming that everything is permanent and nothing is secret Avoiding communicating in anger

What Makes an Effective Communicator? Communication Competence There is no ideal way to communicate A variety of communication styles can be effective You can always learn new styles of communication Competence is situational Competence can be learned

What Makes an Effective Communicator? Competent Communicator Characteristics A wide range of behaviors Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior Skill at performing behaviors Cognitive complexity Empathy Self-monitoring Commitment

What Makes an Effective Communicator? Competence in Intercultural Communication Co-cultures Age Occupation Sexual orientation Physical disability Religion Know rules of specific culture Culture-general

What Makes an Effective Communicator? Competence in Intercultural Communication Motivation Tolerance for ambiguity Open-mindedness Knowledge and Skill Mindfulness Passive observation Notice behaviors of members of a different culture and use insights for later use Active strategies Watch films, read articles, read books, etc. Self-disclosure Share info about yourself to receive info from others

Clueless http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf7MT1p1VNI Identify words used by Cher and her friends that are unique to their culture. Which words were not familiar to you? Why do teenagers create new words and/or give old words new meanings? Is it appropriate to use slang and jargon in public speeches? Discuss this scene in terms of interpersonal, intercultural, and public speaking competence.

Think-Pair-Share Think about whether you believe social media is good or bad. Apply the concepts we just discussed regarding social media. Pair up with a partner. Share your thoughts and ideas with your partner. Be prepared to share aloud with the whole class.

Social Media and Interpersonal Communication Describes all channels that make personal communication possible The difference between face-to-face and virtual relationships is eroding

Social Media and Interpersonal Communication Isn’t threat to relationships once feared Isn’t replacement for face-to-face interaction Can increase quantity and quality of interpersonal communication Asynchronous nature

Social Media and Interpersonal Communication Challenges Leaner Messages No nonverbal cues Disinhibition Speaking or blurting out before thinking 2 forms: identity management and highly expressive E.g. “This is a pic of me at a kegger.” or “what are you thinking? You should just go and cut your wrists?” Permanence Think twice before posting If mom can’t see it, it probably should not be posted!

Fail!

Ellen and Social Media https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCaKuAdKumA Facebook https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMJMftb9KL4 Auto Correct https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PG-xzJZctKU Instagram What can we take away from these funny but unfortunately true experiences?

Quiz 1 Pull out your textbook, notes, and PowerPoints. Complete questions1-10. Turn into me when you are done. Next Time: Chapter 2