EFFECTS OF MINING ON SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS: A CASE STUDY OF TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, KENYA A Research Project submitted to the University of Nairobi in partial/fulfilment of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Environmental Governance

1. Background Mining is a major economic activity in many developing countries. It brings with it rapid development , opportunities for employment, large capital and in some cases in-migration and resettlement However some communities have to cope with adverse mining impacts. The study will focus on a representative sample of Taita Taveta county in Kenya as an emerging mining industry.

1.1 Statement of research problem Taita Taveta county is endowed with different geological resources namely, minerals, rocks and sand yet its locals are yet to realize any benefits from the abundant resources in their midst.

1.2 Research Questions: 1. What level of education and technology is required in the mining industry? 2. What are the health challenges of the locals in the mining areas 3. How is the environmental and biodiversity loss addressed in mining areas 4. What policies and legal frame work exists concerning this industry to protect the rights of people 5. Who owns the land under extractive activities and how is the land issue addressed 6. What are the social and economic benefits/challenges

1.3 Objectives: • To assess the livelihoods activities of households around the mines • To assess the factors that influence access to the minerals in Taita-Taveta • Examine the factors that will empower the communities/households dwelling in mining areas. • Find out how miners can engage communities living around their areas of work and help alleviate poverty

2. Literature Review Will examine positive and negative effects of mining industry and best practices on community livelihoods Education and capacity building in technology Gender-barriers to women economic participation in mining health, environment, and biodiversity loss social and economic levels.

2.1 Conceptual framework and associated theories The theory of resource curse – when a sudden inflow of money caused by a resource boom can create a social problem including inflation, harming industries (“Dutch Disease”) and corruption leading to inequality and underdevelopment (sachs et al 1995) Theory of the tragedy of the commons (Hardins 1968) – an economic theory where individuals act according to self interests.

3. Methodology 3.1. Research Area – Taita Taveta county 3.2. Research Design – Primary and Secondary data 3.3. Area population: Men and women miners, industry owners, communities around 3.4. Target population: Gender based

Contd: Methodology 3.5. Sampling design: men and women miners, owners of extractive industries and households. Random samples, stratified 3.6. Research Instruments: Questionnaire for primary data. Secondary data – libraries, internet publications, books, articles, conference reports, journals 3.7. Statistical treatment of data obtained: Percentage and means

4. Study Area: Mwatate

5. Workplan and Budget WORKPLAN – BEGINS IN SEPTEMBER 2014 TO AUGUST 2017 BUDGET TOTALS TO KSH 797,140

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