Kingdom Fungi http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/yeast.htm http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/biology/plant_bio/lab13.FUNGI.html Kingdom Fungi http://cc.ysu.edu/eohs/bulletins/images/thumbs/Mold%20plate.JPG

Objectives: Know the six main characteristics of the fungi kingdom. Know how multi-cellular fungi are made. Know how fungi reproduce. Know the main characteristics and examples of the four types of fungi. Know what a lichen is.

Main Characteristics: Cells contain a nucleus (Eukaryotic). Cells do have a cell wall. Most are multi-cellular; some are unicellular. Do NOT move from place to place. Breakdown and recycle dead material (decomposers) Can reproduce asexually or sexually. http://fogcity.blogs.com/jen/photography/

What make up multi-cellular fungi? hyphae - chains of cells mycelium - a twisted mass of hyphae grown together. Think of a rope or a piece of string. They are made up of thinner strands twisted together. Holes are found in the cell walls of fungi to allow movement of cytoplasm and materials throughout the fungus.

http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/31-01-FungalMycelia-L.jpg

Types of asexual reproduction in fungi. Hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a new individual. (Regeneration) Production of spores, small reproductive cells that are protected by a cell wall. - They can travel by wind and produce a new fungus if the conditions are right where they land. 3. Budding occurs in yeast. A new cell pinches off of the parent cell. This is similar to fission except the offspring is much smaller than the parent.

Sexual Reproduction in Fungi Sexual spores are produced when two different hyphae grow close together and join. A new fungus will grow that is genetically different than the two parent fungi.

There are four main groups of Fungi. 1. Threadlike Fungi Most live in soil Most are decomposers Reproduces asexually. Spores are produced in sporangia. Reproduce sexually by joining hyphae. Examples: Molds – shapeless fuzzy fungi http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Fungi.htm

Most are multi-cellular. Yeast is unicellular. Most are parasites. 2. Sac Fungi Most are multi-cellular. Yeast is unicellular. Most are parasites. Reproduce sexually. Spores are produced in an ascus. Examples: yeast, truffles, morels and powdery mildew. http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Fungi.htm http://www.inra.fr/Internet/Produits/HYP3/pathogene/6sphafu.htm

Reproduces sexually. Spores are produced in basidia. 3. Club Fungi Multi-cellular. Most are decomposers. Reproduces sexually. Spores are produced in basidia. Examples: umbrella-shaped mushrooms http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Fungi.htm

4. Imperfect Fungi All fungi that do not fit in the other three categories. Most are parasites that cause disease. Reproduces asexually. Some are useful: make medicines and food.

A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. What is a lichen? A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga lives inside the fungus. The alga and fungus work together to live. Lichens are producers. http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/Fungi/fungi.htm