CLASSIFYING LIFE CHAPTER 1 LESSON 2

What do we need to know? You should be able to compare and contrast the diversity of organisms due to adaptations to show how organisms have evolved as a result of environmental changes - Diversity based on kingdoms, phyla, and classes (e.g., internal/external structure, body temperature, size, shape)

How organisms are classified Scientists organize different organisms by sorting, or classifying, them into groups according to shared characteristics. Classifying helps scientists identify, study, group, and name organisms. The broadest group is a Kingdom The narrowest group is a Species

Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates What are animals? Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates

The Animal Kingdom All animals are multicellular. The animal and plant kingdom are the only kingdoms that include only multicellular organisms Animals do NOT make their own food, but animals must consume other organisms to get energy

The Animal Kingdom The organisms in this kingdom belong to two major groups: Vertebrate and Invertebrate Vertebrate- Animal with a backbone Invertebrate- An animal without a backbone

Invertebrates & Vertebrates Mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods Mollusks, such as clams and snails, are mainly shelled animals Echinoderms include sea stars, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins Arthropod phylum is the largest invertebrate phylum They are mostly insects and include spiders, crabs, and lobsters All vertebrates belong to the phylum chordata and the animals are called chordates. All vertebrates have a backbone, nervous system, and a brain There are 7 classes within the Vertebrate group: amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and three classes of fish Mammals are the most familiar vertebrate group which include dogs, horses, kangaroos, and HUMANS

Plant Kingdom Cell walls are a key feature for identifying members of certain kingdoms Organisms from only two kingdoms have a cell wall: Plant and Fungi The plant kingdom includes about 350,000 plant species and all plants are multicellular All plants make their own food ----- Meeting Notes (8/26/13 08:32) -----

Plant Kingdom Vascular means “contains tubes or vessels” Vascular plants have a system of vessels that run up and down the body of the plant The vascular tissue carries water and nutrients up from the plant’s roots to its leaves Ferns, pine trees, and flowering plants are vascular Nonvascular plants do not have vascular tissue These plants tend to be much smaller than vascular plants and grow close to the ground Moss, Hornwort, and Liverwort are all examples of nonvascular plants (See Page 40)

Fungus Kingdom Fungi include organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and molds Most fungi are multicellular Yeast is unicellular Fungi must get food from other organisms. Most fungi get energy by breaking down dead or decaying plants and animals. You might find mushrooms attached to a rotting log in a forest

Fungus Kingdom Can live in almost any dark and wet place, such as a basement. You might find mold growing on bread, fruit, or other food Fungi can even grow on the human body Most fungi are used by humans. Yeast is used to make bread rise Mold and yeast are also used to make some foods, such as cheese. Some fungi are also used to make medicine

Bacteria & Protist

What are bacteria and protists? Bacteria & Archaea Protist Unicellular organisms have no nucleus and mitochondria Some bacteria can cause disease and infections, such as food poisoning and strep throat Some bacteria are useful; cows cannot digest grass without the help or archaea and we have bacteria in our intestines that helps us break down food. Unicellular and multicellular organisms that either make their own food or eat other organisms Much larger than bacteria but most are still microscopic Protists include algae, amoebas, and slime molds

Viruses Not living organisms, according to scientists, because they do not carry out lifes basic processes. Some viruses are not harmful. Some viruses enter the body of a living thing, take over some of its cells, and cause the organism to get sick. Common cold is caused by a virus, chicken pox, polio, and HIV- AIDS