Formal (usted/ustedes) Commands

In English, we form commands by removing the subject “you” English Connection In English, we form commands by removing the subject “you” Statement: You eat vegetables. Command: Eat the vegetables.

Use Ud. Commands: To tell someone respectfully to do something. To tell someone respectfully to not do something. If the subject is plural, use Uds. commands.

Formation 1. Begin with the yo form present-tense of the verb cantar 2. drop the “o” ending 3. Add new ending – For Ud. Commands: AR – e ER/IR - a For Uds. Commands: AR – en ER/IR - an canto cant o

Cantar Ud.- ¡Cante! = Sing! (Speaking to one person) Uds.- ¡Canten! = Sing! (to more than one person) To make the command negative, just put “no” in front of the command form. Ud.- ¡No cante! = Don’t sing! Uds.-¡No canten! = Don’t sing!

vend o -er/-ir ending verbs Vender Venda Vendan No venda No vendan *Regular –ir ending verbs will end this same way. vivir vivo viva/vivan vend o

Irregular yo forms Salg o Salir No salga No salgan Salga Salgan *Notice the importance of beginning with the YO form stem. Salg o

Very irregular yo forms Verb Yo form command Dar (doy) dé/den Estar (estoy) esté/estén Ir (voy) vaya/vayan Saber (sé) sepa/sepan Ser (soy) sea/sean

-car/-gar/-zar Ending Verbs To maintain the same sound, these verbs undergo a spelling change -car -que/-quen practique/practiquen -gar -gue/-guen juegue/jueguen -zar -ce/-cen empiece/empiecen

Commands with Pronouns Reflexive Verbs and Affirmative Commands Attach the reflexive pronoun to the end of the affirmative command. For a formal command, the reflexive pronoun will always be “se”. Examples: ¡Váyase! – Go away! (1 person) ¡Duérmanse! – Go to sleep! (all of you) *Accent on the next to last syllable of the verb*

Negative Reflexive Commands Place the reflexive pronoun (se) in front of the command. Examples: ¡No se vaya! – Don’t go! ¡No se duerman! – Don’t fall asleep!

Commands with Object Pronouns If a direct or indirect object pronoun is used with a command, use the same placement procedures as with reflexive commands. Examples: ¡Déme el dinero! – Give me the money! ¡Dígannos la verdad! – Tell us the truth! ¡No lo ponga aquí! – Don’t put it here!