Warm Up 2/1/17 If you could choose one thing to symbolize America, what would you choose and why?

Unit 1 Civilizations of Americas

Theories of Settlement Earliest Settlers of the Americas*: Migrated around 12,000- 10,000 years ago End of The Ice Age ~ 10,000 years ago Came Across the Bering Straight* Frozen Land Bridge* B/w Siberia & Alaska Hunters Following Animals Hidden after melting of ice

Another theory of settlement…… Recent Theory Paddled Small Boats Northeast Asia To the Northwest coast Neither theory has been proven - Dates based on evidence found on prehistoric sites

New Environments Faced numerous climates and terrains Climate: Terrain varied throughout frigid to sweltering heat Terrain Icy Treeless- North Hot, Rainforest - Equator Deserts- Chile Woodlands- North

Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution Causes Great Change* Domesticate plants and animals Population increases* Creates the first permanent settlements Range of Crops: Beans Sweet Potatoes Peppers Squash Corn Maize- Native American name for corn*

Mayan Civilization Maya* Location: Yucatan Peninsula* Southern Mexico Central America

Mayans Agriculture: Farming*: slash & burn* using floodwaters & irrigation

Mayans City- States*: (no empire) Small- governed their people Large- governed neighbors Structured Society: Ruler at the top Some women held power Majority of people farmed

Mayans Math & Astronomy Culture Stela – sculpted stone monuments* First to use Zero 365 day calendar Culture Stela – sculpted stone monuments* Nobles, warriors, rulers Mayan Gods

Mayans Theories of Decline Survive Spanish exploration Warfare Overpopulation – Over-farming – Exhaust soil Survive Spanish exploration ~ 2 million live in Guatemala today

Aztecs Aztec* Location: Valley of Mexico* Central Mexico Separate tribes* Tribes spoke one language* Legendary birthplace- Aztlan (Aztecs)

Aztec Capitol: “Inventive” Built capital in a swamp* Tenochtitlan Present day Mexico City “Inventive” Built capital in a swamp* Connected by causeways Used Chinampas - “Floating Gardens”* Artificial islands

Aztecs Society: Warrior society* Military Structure: Required tribute – payment from those conquered* Structure: King – leader (War) Priests Nobles Middle Class Farmers- Serfs- Slaves (POW)

Aztecs Religion & Advances: Polytheistic* Quetzalcoatl- serpent god- creator Teotihuacán*- religious center* Pyramids and temples Human sacrifice - POW Writing (hieroglyphs), math, 365 calendar

Warm Up 2/2/2017 List 3 Mesoamerican Civilizations _________

Inca Located in SE Peru – 12th Century Inca* Formed on Western Coast Andean Region* Andes Mountains 12 million inhabitants

Inca Inca* Capital: Cuzco From Ecuador to Chile Andes Mountains*

Inca Sapa Inca Nobles – govern provinces Officials – carry out laws Emperor Divine – son of the sun Religious leader Nobles – govern provinces Officials – carry out laws Peasants

Inca Inca: Advances Quipo* Colored strings knotted to represent various numbers: record keeping* Road System 14,000 miles Runners and army Ordinary people restricted

Inca farming Inca Life: Ayllu – village leader; carried out government orders Assign jobs, arrange marriages Build terraces farming Metalworking, weaving, surgery

Inca Agricultural System Religion Decline Corn (maize), potato, squash, llamas, alpacas, and dogs Religion Polytheistic Related to nature Inti Chief God Sun God Decline Civil war Arrival of Spanish invaders