Heat Transfer Objectives: Heat Transfer Phase Change Relative Humidity

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Presentation transcript:

Heat Transfer Objectives: Heat Transfer Phase Change Relative Humidity Thermal Expansion

Heat Transfer Mixing (requires air or other mixing particles) Convection Examples: warming soup on stove top Conduction Direct Contact Examples: tip of a needle over flame Radiation No substance required Examples: warming soup in the microwave oven, heat coming from the sun

Newton’s Law of Cooling The larger the temperature difference, the faster the cooling/warming up. Question: In a cold winter day, you put out a bucket full of water. Which one would freeze faster: a bucket full of (a) Hot water (b) cold water (c) the same

Changes of State Q1. What is the melting point for ice? Q2. What is the condensation point for water vapor? Vapor

Evaporation and Condensation Saturation When evaporation and condensation reach equilibrium The warmer the air, the more water molecules can contain Question: You come out of the shower you notice the bathroom mirror becomes quickly fogged up. What happened? The fraction of water molecules in air relative to the maximum possible water molecules in air at a given T Relative Humidy

Thermal Expansion As temperature rises, dimensions expand Railroad tracks, Bridge metal rods Linear Volume Gasoline inside tank Q9. As you heat a rectangular plate, what happens to its dimensions? Q10. If the plate has a hole, what happens to the dimensions of the hole?

Thermal Expansion As temperature rises, dimensions expand When stringing telephone lines between poles in the summer, it is advisable to allow the lines to sag. be taut. be close to the ground. allow ample space for birds.

Anomalous Behavior of Water Expands or contracts? Ice melting contracts Icy water warming up ( 0 – 4 C) contracts Water warming up (4 C and above) expands Question. At what temperature is water most dense? Question. What is the temperature of seawater at the bottom of the ocean?

Puzzles P6. Frozen food will warm up faster in a hot or cooler room? P7. You fill you glass of water to the brim with water at 1C. You let it warm up to 4C. What will happen to the water? It will spill over the cup There will be room to add more water Nothing will change P3. Can you heat up a bowl of soup on a hot stove in the International Space Station? P4. On a hot summer day, you walk into a cooled room and your glasses become fogged up. Why? P5. In the winter, you can “see” your breath. Why can you not see in in the summer?