BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Objectives Define the terms Bloodborne pathogen, HIV, HBV, HCV Identify how pathogens are spread Recall signs and symptoms related to pathogen exposure Self-evaluate current practice and needed changes Identify ways to prevent an exposure incident Discuss the actions taken after an exposure incident (per protocol)

BUUUUT WHHHHY??!?!!! Workplace Safety

Safety is a critical part of our Jobs! So why?? Safety is a critical part of our Jobs! OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. Workers exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for serious or life-threatening illnesses.

what kind of bugs are out there…. We never know…. what kind of bugs are out there…. HIV HBV HCV Just to name a few!!

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1.2 Million HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It weakens a person’s immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. The only way to know if you are infected with HIV is to be tested. You cannot rely on symptoms to know whether you have HIV. Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. Some people who are infected with HIV report having flu-like symptoms (often described as “the worst flu ever”) 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. Symptoms can include: Fever Enlarged lymph nodes Sore throat Rash These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. During this time, HIV infection may not show up on an HIV test, but people who have it are highly infectious and can spread the infection to others. However, you should not assume you have HIV if you have any of these symptoms. Each of these symptoms can be caused by other illnesses. Again, the only way to determine whether you are infected is to be tested for HIV infection. For information on where to find an HIV testing site, (According to the) CDC estimates that 1,144,500 persons aged 13 years and older are living with HIV infection, including 180,900 (15.8%) who are unaware of their infection1. Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable. Still, the pace of new infections continues at far too high a level— particularly among certain groups. HIV Incidence (new infections): The estimated incidence of HIV has remained stable overall in recent years, at about 50,000 new HIV infections per year2. Within the overall estimates, however, some groups are affected more than others. MSM continue to bear the greatest burden of HIV infection, and among races/ethnicities, African Americans continue to be disproportionately affected. HIV Diagnoses (new diagnoses, regardless of when infection occurred): In 2011, an estimated 49,273 people were diagnosed with HIV infection in the United States. In that same year, an estimated 32,052 people were diagnosed with AIDS. Overall, an estimated 1,155,792 people in the United States have been diagnosed with AIDS3. 15.8%

hepatitis B virus (HBV) Hepatitis : Inflammation of the liver Number of US cases Key Facts How long does it last? How is it spread? Vaccine? How serious is it? Treatment 7 days (can be caused by ETOH, Toxins, Medications, some medical conditions) How many new HBV infections occur annually in the United States? In 2009, 3,374 cases of acute Hepatitis B in the United States were reported to CDC; the overall incidence of reported acute Hepatitis B was 1.5 per 100,000 population, the lowest ever recorded. However, because many HBV infections are either asymptomatic or never reported, the actual number of new infections is estimated to be approximately tenfold higher. In 2009, an estimated 38,000 persons in the United States were newly infected with HBV. Rates are highest among adults, particularly males aged 25–44 years.   What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B? Symptoms begin an average of 90 days (range: 60–150 days) after exposure to HBV. HBV is not spread through food or water, sharing eating utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding, coughing, or sneezing. How long does HBV survive outside the body? HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of causing infection. What should be used to remove HBV from environmental surfaces? Any blood spills — including dried blood, which can still be infectious — should be cleaned using 1:10 dilution of one part household bleach to 10 parts of water for disinfecting the area. Gloves should be used when cleaning up any blood spills.

hepatitis C virus (HCV) Number of US cases Key Facts How long does it last? How is it spread? Vaccine? How serious is it? Treatment Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States; approximately 3.2 Million persons are chronically infected. What is the incidence of HCV infection in the United States? Although only 849 cases of confirmed acute Hepatitis C were reported in the United States in 2007, CDC estimates that approximately 17,000 new HCV infections occurred that year, after adjusting for asymptomatic infection and underreporting. Persons newly infected with HCV are usually asymptomatic, so acute Hepatitis C is rarely identified or reported. Chronic HCV infection is the leading indication for liver transplants in the United States.   What is the prevalence of chronic HCV infection in the United States? Approximately 3.2 million persons in the United States have chronic HCV infection. Infection is most prevalent among those born during 1945–1965, the majority of whom were likely infected during the 1970s and 1980s when rates were highest. How soon after exposure to HCV do symptoms appear? In those persons who do develop symptoms, the average time period from exposure to symptom onset is 4–12 weeks (range: 2–24 weeks).

MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Community – Typically a skin infection Medical facilities - MRSA causes life-threatening bloodstream infections, pneumonia and surgical site infections. Studies show that about one in three people carry staph in their nose, usually without any illness. Two in 100 people carry MRSA Often, people first think the area is a spider bite; however, unless a spider is actually seen, the irritation is likely not a spider bite. Most staph skin infections, including MRSA, appear as a bump or infected area on the skin that might be: Red Swollen Painful Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever

Influenza Contagious Respiratory Illness Symptoms Populations higher risk Young Elderly Immunocompromised The flu is different from a cold. The flu usually comes on suddenly. People who have the flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: Fever* or feeling feverish/chills Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle or body aches Headaches Fatigue (tiredness) Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. * It's important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever. Person to Person People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose. Wash your Hands Stay away from Sick people Wash utensils/linens normally before others use them The Flu Is Contagious Most healthy adults may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Some people can be infected with the flu virus but have no symptoms. During this time, those persons may still spread the virus to others.

This includes an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and one or two influenza B viruses, depending on the flu vaccine. 127.9 million doses distributed this year (Nov 6th)

Preventing Exposures PPE Hand Washing Proper Cleaning/Decontaminating Spills/Drips/Splatters PPE Gloves Mask Gown Shoe Covers Eye Protection

Exposure Incident Wash Report Medical Evaluation Treatment & Counseling Confidentiality

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