Prepared By: Hayat al-japery Afra al-Hajri Chemical fertilizers Prepared By: Hayat al-japery Afra al-Hajri

Outline Introduction Chemical fertilizer’s definition Type of chemical fertilizers compound fertilizers products Fertilizers and environment Conclusion References

Introduction To make plants grow faster and stay healthy, you need to supply the elements that the plants need in readily available forms.  That is the goal of fertilizer

Chemical fertilizer’s definition Natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that improve growth and productiveness of plants.

Type of fertilizers primary fertilizers secondary nutrients Organic fertilizers

Primary fertilizers include substances derived from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. When ammonia is used as the nitrogen source in a fertilizer.

Secondary nutrients are added to some fertilizers to help make them more effective. e.g.: Calcium is obtained from limestone. The magnesium source in fertilizers is derived from dolomite Sulfur is another material that is mined and added to fertilizers

Organic fertilizers Organic fertilizers include naturally-occurring organic materials, such as manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed, guano and peat moss. organic fertilizers can improve the health and long-term productivity of soil. It is believed by some that 'organic' agricultural methods are more environmentally friendly and better maintain soil organic matter

compound fertilizers products Nitrogen fertilizer component Phosphorous fertilizer component Potassium fertilizer component Urea

Nitrogen fertilizer component Ammonia is one nitrogen fertilizer component that can be synthesized from in-expensive raw E.g. ammonium nitrate. This material is a good fertilizer component because it has a high concentration of nitrogen

Phosphorous fertilizer component E.g ammonium phosphate, another good primary fertilizer

Potassium fertilizer component Potassium chloride is typically supplied to fertilizer manufacturers in bulk. The manufacturer converts it into a more usable form by granulating it. This makes it easier to mix with other fertilizer components

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2CO. It was the first organic compound to be artificially synthesized from inorganic starting materials formation of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. The reaction is exothermic: 2 NH3 + CO2 ↔ H2N-COONH4 () Urea is used as a nitrogen-release fertilizer, as it hydrolyses back to ammonia and carbon dioxide

Fertilizers and environment Fertilizer research is currently focusing on reducing the harnful environmental impacts of fertilizer use and finding new, less expensive sources of fertilizers. Such things that are being investigated to make fertilizers more environmentally friendly are improved methods of application New sources of fertilizers are also being investigated. It has been found that sewage sludge contains many of the nutrients that are needed for a good fertilizer. Unfortunately, it also contains certain substances such as lead, cadmium, and mercury in concentrations which would be harmful to plants. Efforts are underway to remove the unwanted elements.

Conclusion Fertilizers are broadly divided into organic fertilizers (composed of enriched organic matter—plant or animal), or inorganic fertilizers (composed of synthetic chemicals and/or minerals).

References Books Stocchi, E. Industrial Chemistry. Ellis Horwood, 1990 http://www.answers.com/topic/fertilizer

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