Solid Waste Survey Results As of 12-12-12 (Aaron Rodgers Day) Rick Eilertson, P.E., Fitchburg Environmental Engineer Chair, APWA WI Solid Waste Management Committee

Question 1 – Name and Muni Code City of Fitchburg Polk County Oconto County Manitowoc County Kewaunee County Marquette County Pepin County City of Watertown Town of Waumandee City of Milwaukee City of Fort Atkinson City of Hartford Town of Belmont Town of Fifield Town of Spring Prairie Town of Centerville City of Racine Town of Unity Town of Lima City of Neenah Town of Elk Grove City of Green Bay Town of Russell Taylor County Town of Cable City of Brookfield City of Sheboygan Town of River Falls City of Fond du Lac City of West Allis Village of Grafton City of La Crosse City of Janesville Village of Bellevue City of Verona Village of Sussex City of Oshkosh

Question 2 – Type & Frequency of Recycling Collection What type and frequency of recycling collection does your RU have? (Please check all that apply) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Municipally-coordinated curbside recycling collection (weekly) 16.2% 6 Municipally-coordinated curbside recycling collection (every other week) 51.4% 19 Resident-coordinated curbside recycling collection (subscription) 10.8% 4 Recycling Drop Off Site (Available more than 40 hrs/wk) 18.9% 7 Recycling Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month) 24.3% 9 Recycling Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month) 27.0% 10 Other (please specify) 1 answered question 37

Question 3 – Recycling Collection Style What is the recycling collection style for your RU? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Single-stream (all recyclables in one container) 51.4% 19 Dual-stream (paper separated from containers) 35.1% 13 Source separated (all recyclables sorted into each commodity type) 16.2% 6 Please note # of separate categories 4 answered question 37

Question 4 – Recycling Collection Method Is your curbside recycling collection manual, semi-automated or fully-automated? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Manual (various resident-supplied containers and/or bags) 27.8% 10 Semi-automated (mechanical lifting of carts/driver physically assists) 16.7% 6 Fully-automated (mechanical lifting of carts/driver stays in truck) 30.6% 11 N/A 33.3% 12 answered question 36

Question 5 – Recycling Containers What size and type of collection containers do you provide for curbside recycling collection? (Please check all that apply) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count 18-24 gallon bin 15.2% 5 35 gallon cart 65 gallon cart 33.3% 11 95 gallon cart 30.3% 10 30 gallon plastic bags 0.0% We don't provide curbside recycling None 45.5% 15 answered question 33

Question 6 – Recyclables Collected Do you provide curbside collection or a Drop Off Site for the following materials? (Please check all that apply) Answer Options Curbside Drop off Response Count Glass containers 23 22 37 Aluminum beverage containers 21 36 Tin or bi-metal cans #1&2 plastic bottles # 3-7 plastics 13 11 Plastic film/bags 7 12 Newspapers Magazines Cardboard 24 Office paper 19 35 Junk mail 20 33 Books 14 15 26 Various mixed papers 34 Food and beverage cartons 10 18 Furniture 9 Appliances 6 Electronics 2 Carpet Construction/Demolition Materials Leaves/Yard Waste Brush Food Waste / Organics 1 answered question

Questions 7 & 8 – Material Recovery Facility At what Material Recovery Facility (MRF) are the curbside recyclables from your RU processed? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Name 100.0% 31 Code 61.3% 19 answered question skipped question 7 How far is it from your RU to the MRF? (One-way) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count 0-10 miles 35.5% 11 10-25 miles 25.8% 8 25-50 miles 16.1% 5 50-100 miles 9.7% 3 > 100 miles 6.5% 2 Sorry, I don't know answered question 31 skipped question 7

Question 9 – Landfill How far is it from your RU to the landfill? (One-way) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count 0-10 miles 0.0% 10-25 miles 100.0% 1 25-50 miles 50-100 miles > 100 miles Sorry, I don't know answered question

Question 10 – Recycling Tonnage How many tons of recyclables are annually collected from your RU? (FYI: 1.5 tons = ~ 10 cubic yards for mixed Recyclables, Leaves and Brush.) Answer Options Response Average Response Total Response Count Recyclables (glass,aluminum, plastic,paper,etc.) in tons/yr 2,562.38 81,996 32 Yard waste in tons/yr 2,907.83 66,880 23 Brush in tons/yr 979.47 18,610 19 answered question 34 skipped question 4

Question 11 – Yard Waste Frequency What frequency do you provide yard waste collection? (Please Check All That Apply) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count 16-52 curbside yard waste collections/yr 2.7% 1 8-15 curbside yard waste collections/yr 10.8% 4 3-7 curbside yard waste collections/yr 1-2 curbside yard waste collection/yr Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available > 40 hrs/wk) 35.1% 13 Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month) 13.5% 5 Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month) We don't provide collection of yard waste 37.8% 14 answered question 37

Question 12 – Brush Frequency What frequency do you provide brush collection? (Please Check All That Apply) Answer Options Response Percent Response Count 16-52 curbside brush collections/yr 16.2% 6 8-15 curbside brush collections/yr 13.5% 5 3-7 curbside brush collections/yr 2.7% 1 1-2 curbside brush collections/yr 8.1% 3 Brush Drop Off Site (Available > 40 hrs/wk) 32.4% 12 Brush Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month) Brush Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month) We don't provide collection of brush 40.5% 15 answered question 37

Question 13 & 14 – Landfill Tonnage & Fees What is your RU's annual tonnage of waste sent to a landfill? Answer Options Response Average Response Total Response Count Tons 14,809.93 414,678 28 answered question skipped question 10 What is the tipping fee for waste disposal to the landfill in $/Ton? Answer Options Response Average Response Total Response Count $/Ton 44.33 931 21 answered question skipped question 17 Note: Values ranged from $0/Ton to $188/Ton

Question 15 – Recycling $ / Household What is the per household cost to collect recyclables for your RU? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Recyclables (glass,aluminum,plastic,paper,etc.) $/household 100.0% 27 Leaves/Yard waste $/household 66.7% 18 Brush $/household 51.9% 14 answered question skipped question 11 Recyclables 24.95, 3.20, $1.04/month/household, $2.50/month, $18.28/household/yr, $1,386,000 total, 55, 82.40, 7.75/household/month both Garbage & Recyclables, $43.80/household/year, 0, 65, $21, 81, 68.47, APPROXIMATELY $26.50, Have never calculated, $16 per year, $71.00/year for Recyclables/Leaves/Yard Waste/Brush, 37.68,In tax dollars maybe $10 per household, 30.36, 20, $50, 6.23 per person, 28 Leaves/Yard waste 3.09, 30, $0.45/month/household, 535000 includes brush, 8, $1.25/month/household, $8.95/household/year, 45, 34.71, n/a, minimal, See Above, Part of Stormwater Fee, 26.79, 2, unknown, 10 Brush 49, 13, $1.25/month/household, $10.65/household/year, 10, 0.77, n/a, minimal

Question 16 – Recycling Fee Charges Does your RU charge a fee to residents to offset the cost of collection of curbside recyclables? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count No 45.5% 15 Yes, Added into tax levy 9.1% 3 Yes, Listed as a special charge on tax bill 21.2% 7 Yes, Charged on utility bill (i.e.:water/sewer bill) Yes, Sticker system purchased by user Yes, Other (please specify) 6.1% 2 answered question 33 skipped question 5

Question 17 & 18 – Recycling Education & Enforcement How much does your RU spend on recycling education? Answer Options Response Average Response Total Response Count $/yr 5,398.82 151,167 28 answered question skipped question 10 Values ranged from $0 to $30,000 How much does your RU spend on recycling enforcement? Answer Options Response Average Response Total Response Count $/yr 3,430.96 89,205 26 answered question skipped question 12 Values ranged from $0 to $15,000

Question 19 – Revenue Sharing from MRF Does your RU receive a revenue share from the sale of curbside recyclables? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Yes 46.7% 14 No 53.3% 16 answered question 30 skipped question 8

Question 20 & 21 – Recyclables Collected by: Does your RU use municipal employees or a private contractor for your collection? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Municipal employees 52.9% 18 Private contractor answered question 34 skipped question 4 If you are using a private contractor; Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Who is your contractor? 100.0% 20 Service secured through a Request for Proposal (RFP) process (Yes/No) 95.0% 19 Service secured through a bid process (Yes/No) 90.0% 18 answered question skipped question

Question 22 – Contract Expiration When do your current waste and recycling contracts expire? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Waste contracts 90.6% 29 Recycling contracts 96.9% 31 answered question 32 skipped question 6

Question 23 – Changes Expected? What changes to your recycling program do you anticipate in response to reduced or eliminated State grants? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Reduced Frequency of Collection 26.7% 8 Fewer Types of Recyclables Collected 6.7% 2 Change recycling educational materials from hard copy to online 23.3% 7 Reduce recycling education efforts 20.0% 6 Work with other RU's on recycling education to reduce costs 30.0% 9 Alter enforcement activity 16.7% 5 None 46.7% 14 Other (please specify) answered question 30 skipped question Several respondents added comment: “We’ll need to increase fees.”

Question 24 – Recycling Collection Style Does your RU provide curbside recycling and/or trash collection, as part of a municipal contract, to: Answer Options Curbside Recycling Curbside Trash Response Count Apartments of 5 or more units 4 6 Commercial establishments 1 3 answered question 7 skipped question 31

Fitchburg’s PAYT Program & Organics Pilot Rick Eilertson, P.E., Fitchburg Environmental Engineer Chair, APWA WI Solid Waste Committee Presentation at “Pay-As-You-Throw” Garbage Reduction Workshop Fitchburg Library, May 2, 2013, 1:45 pm to 4pm

Presentation Highlights 27 Years of Success on the 3-R’s Fitchburg’s Pay As You Throw (PAYT) Program Organics Collection Pilot (OCP) Details Home Composting? Upcoming Events

27 Years of Success in the 3-R’s 1986 - Recycling Committee formed 1987 - Recycling Ordinance 1988 - Curbside Recycling & Drop Off Centers started 1989 - Curbside Yard Waste collection starts 1990 - Apartment Recycling & Polystyrene Recycling start 1991 to 1996 - Fitchburg wins EPA, U.S., and State Recycling Awards 1993 - Household Medical Waste (Sharps) Ordinance 1994 - Volume-based Collection / PAYT Program begins 1996 - Compost Bin Sales start 1999 - 1st Solid Waste Sort 2003 - Electronics Recycling Events start, Home Composting Workshops, Recycling Drop Off Site 2006 - City Cart System starts 2007 - Fitchburg Sharps Collection starts at Bergmann’s and Walgreens 2008 – Recycling Drop Off Site Enlarged 2009 – Block Polystyrene Bin at Recycling Drop Off Site, 2nd Solid Waste Sort 2010 - Organic Waste Survey 2011 - Organics Collection Report completed, MedDrop Box Installed 2012 – Organics Collection Pilot starts, 3rd Solid Waste Sort 2013 – Organics Collection Pilot Expanded

Recent Updates to the 3-R's http://www.city.fitchburg.wi.us/solidwaste

Fitchburg Collection Map

PAYT = VBF Fitchburg began Volume Based Fee (VBF) program in 1994. 32 gal limit for refuse Larger refuse containers available through the hauler, at resident’s expense Refuse Tags for extra bags – 5 tags provided each household yearly 2 to 3 recycling bins – unlimited quantity

2006-08 Contract In 2005, proposals were sought for both the old refuse/recycling bin system and the cart system for a 3 year contract (2006-08). Bids included cost of carts – refuse and recycling Carts owned by City at end of contract

CART DELIVERY Flooded by Calls With Cart Delivery Problems

CURRENT SYSTEM vs. PREVIOUS SYSTEM 2007 BID COMPARISON COST CURRENT SYSTEM vs. PREVIOUS SYSTEM 2007 Costs – Refuse Cart System $81.60/unit/yr vs. Previous System Costs $69.24/unit/yr 2007 Costs – Recycling Cart System* $43.32/unit/yr Previous Recycling Bin System $54.36/unit/yr *Recycling Cart System Price is for Bi-Weekly Collection vs. weekly collection of previous bin system

ACCEPTANCE OF NEW SYSTEM After the first month of new system, the call volume dropped dramatically Residents began to show acceptance with the new system Residents who initially opposed the change began calling/e-mailing their approvals

LESSONS LEARNED Award bid earlier to allow time for cart delivery Be sure to have enough carts ordered to cover possible upgrades Allow more response time for return of postcards for cart selection Check references on cart vendor or deliver with City crews

Total Fee on 2012 Tax Bill = $142/yr* 35 gal Refuse (52/yr) = ~$86/yr 35-95+ gal Recycling (26/yr) = ~$28/yr Brush (14/yr) = ~$24/yr Yardwaste (4/yr) = ~$11/yr Recycling Drop Off Site (365/yr) = $0/yr* Total Fee on 2012 Tax Bill = $142/yr* *Recycling Drop Off Site cost included in curbside fees. Separate line item “TRASH P/U” is charged on annual Real Estate Property Tax Bill.

(Refuse & Recycling Carts collected from 40 homes) What’s in our Carts? 2009 Solid Waste Sort (Refuse & Recycling Carts collected from 40 homes) Recycling Findings (% by weight) Actual Recycling Rate = 33% Potential Recycling Rate = 48% Recommendations: Recycling Cart Stickers, Advertise Recycling Guide

What’s in our Carts? Refuse Carts Refuse Findings (% by weight) Food waste = 27% Soiled paper = 15% Total Compostable Organics = 42% Goal: Divert Organics from Landfill

(Refuse, Recycling & Organics Carts collected from 40 homes) What’s in our Carts? 2012 Solid Waste Sort (Refuse, Recycling & Organics Carts collected from 40 homes) Recycling Findings (% by weight) Actual Recycling Rate = 41% Potential Recycling Rate = 53% Recommendations: Continue enhancements to Recycling Guide

What’s in our Carts? Refuse Carts (2012) Refuse Findings (% by weight) Food waste = 21% Soiled paper = 14% Pet Waste = 8% Total Compostable Organics = 43% Diapers = 18% Recommendations: Continue enhancements to Organics Pilot

Why Collect Organics? Reduces waste disposal costs 1. Reduces waste disposal costs Saves landfill space Keeps nutrients in "The Loop" 2. 3.

Food Waste Disposers = $$$ & = 1. Uses Electricity at Home & WWTP ($) 2. Uses Water ($) 3. Can clog home and public sanitary sewer pipes ($) 4. WWTF needs to dispose of solids ($)

Organics Collection 2012 Pilot Details ~300 Households Invited http://www.city.fitchburg.wi.us/Organics

Organics Collection Pilot Details

Organics Collection Pilot Details What Can go in the Carts What Can’t go in the Carts Fruit and Vegetable scraps Grains (eg. bread, bagels, tortillas, etc) Meats, Fats, Bones Coffee grounds & filters Soiled Paper Items (eg. Soiled napkins, paper towels, pizza boxes) Pet waste (currently can include kitty litter) Non-Compostable Plastic bags Dirty diapers (this may change during the course of the Pilot) Other household refuse or recyclables

Organics Collection Pilot Details Where do I put the supplies? How do I use the supplies? Calling the Superkids Hotline 270-4264 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=LgTwDOckvoo

Organics Collection Pilot Details Recycling Week - Okay Recycling Week - Preferred Refuse Week - Okay

Tonnage Collected (April – Dec. 2012) 2012 Collection Pilot Tonnage Tonnage Collected (April – Dec. 2012) Organics = 26.8 Tons Refuse = 117.5 Tons Based on 2012 Waste Sort Percentages, Here’s what the numbers could have been if everyone sorted perfectly Organics = 105 Tons Recyclables = 100 Tons Refuse = 40 Tons

Added 75 more households on April 2, 2013 Organics Collection in 2013 Added 75 more households on April 2, 2013

Concerns Expressed in the Survey 2012 Collection Pilot Survey Summary Concerns Expressed in the Survey Availability of compostable bags Odors and cleaning of cart Pests and animals Lack of space for organics cart and kitchen pail

Suggestions 2012 Collection Pilot Survey Summary Advertise locations for compostable bags Pick up every week; especially during the summer More marketing/education: newsletter articles, e-mail, information packet, website, social media Promote home composting

Next Steps: Outreach on Compostable bag options

Next Steps: Home Composting

DNR Recycling Updates 2013 Presentation to the WI Chapter APWA Solid Waste Committee La Crosse, May 9 2013 By Cynthia Moore, WI DNR (Thanks to Dan Krivit, Foth) <#>

Goals of Plastics Recycling Study Analyze current status of plastics recycling in Wisconsin Identify barriers & opportunities for growth Identify improvement options http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Recycling/council.html- look under Plastics Recycling <#>

Markets Are Strong … …. Especially for the high volume, high value commodities (e.g., PET + HDPE bottles; PE film) Good markets emerging for non-bottle PET + HDPE, all PP 27 plastic market facilities in Wisconsin Need additional sorting / reclamation capacity for other “mixed bales” Plastic “markets” include reclaimers that sort, wash, grind, pelletize or compound the recyclable plastic + end-use manufacturers Domestic markets for PVC and PS more limited <#>

Economic Multipliers Wisconsin plastics industries employ 39,800 people Direct payroll of $1.6 billion 8th among all states <#>

Barriers to Growth Definitions, terminology and specifications are all over the map Collection and processing of additional types of plastics Financial and technical barriers limit smaller MRFs ability to handle a wider range of plastic types <#>

Other Barriers to Growth Supply assurance Lack of a preference for domestic end-use markets Supply assurance is need for financial investments Foreign export markets are expected to decrease in relative importance <#>

Plastics Recycling Subcommitee Working Groups Council on Recycling convenes stakeholder group April 17 Established working groups Bottles Non-bottle rigids Film / bags (supplements DNR MOU with industry)

Small Group Questions Long-term goal Three priorities/actions, including: Short-term Intermediate Longer term What interests are missing from the small group Next meeting dates

Other DNR Recycling Priorities RU program cost control PAYT Workshops RU Tips Away from Home Recycling Commercial, public places, events Role of DNR Expectations for RU Messaging

Recycling in West Central Wisconsin Anna McCabe Waste and Materials Management Specialist

St. Croix Pierce Dunn Chippewa Clark Marathon Pepin Buffalo Jackson Trempealeau Eau Claire La Crosse Monroe Wood Portage Juneau Adams Vernon Crawford

SSCM Composting in West Central WI Hsu’s Ginsing Landscape and Composing Wausau, WI Advanced Disposal’s Seven Mile Creek Eau Claire, WI Green Earth Composting-in progress Holmen, WI

Noteworthy Many remarkable Responsible Units, over doubling their recycling per capita standards Great Responsible Unit community outreach Regional collaborations to maximize resources Expanding on special event recycling, business recycling and collection events (such as electronics, tires, appliances and medications)

Works in Progress Communicating with under-staffed Responsible Units to increase recycling rates Encouraging collaboration with RUs who do not have designated “Recycling”, “Solid Waste” or environmental directive staff Connecting resources to allow special event recycling or collection events to take place Continuing to improve recycling abilities for residents throughout West Central Region

Questions? Contact Information: Rick Eilertson (608-270-4264) rick.eilertson@city.fitchburg.wi.us Cynthia Moore (608-267-7550) Cynthia.Moore@Wisconsin.gov Anna McCabe (715-839-1637) Anna.McCabe@Wisconsin.gov www.city.fitchburg.wi.us/solidwaste http://wisconsin.apwa.net/c/solidwastemanagement/