Recycled Glass in Construction and Paving Materials John M. Mueting, Dept. of Technology Anam S. Hussain, MBA Department Dr. Pranshoo Solanki, Dept. of Technology Dr. Tom Bierma, Dept. of Health Sciences Dr. Guang Jin, Dept. of Health Sciences

The Business Problem Local recycler is producing 360 tons of glass per month Single-stream processes leave colors mixed Impurities in stockpiles Currently shipping glass to Chicago for sorting and cleaning... Expensive

Phase 1: The Question & The Process Is there a local construction market for the recycled glass that would reduce transportation expenses for the recycler? Step 1: Study municipalities using recycled glass and begin brainstorming Step 2: Select a construction product, study Illinois DOT specs, and discuss with local concrete facilities Step 3: Make samples of the product, test to see if it meets Illinois DOT specs, revise samples if needed

Phase 2: The Question & The Process Is there a local construction market for the recycled glass that would reduce transportation expenses for the recycler? Step 4: Study technical feasibility of using the glass in a construction product Step 5: Submit results to governing bodies such as Town of Normal, City of Chicago etc. for approval of the construction product Step 6: Work with local municipalities to implement the product in construction and paving applications

Product Selection PHASE 1 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Material required for CLSM Cement, Sand, Water, Fly ash, Admixtures (air) Low strength, Flowable concrete mix Self-leveling and self-compacting material Source 1

Product Selection Controlled Low Strength Material (Flowable Fill) - PHASE 1 Product Selection Controlled Low Strength Material (Flowable Fill) - Applications Sub-grade for sidewalks Pipe bedding Embankments Source 2

Glass Samples A1 and A2- raw samples directly from stockpile PHASE 1 Glass Samples A1 and A2- raw samples directly from stockpile B1 and B2- raw samples flushed with water to remove debris C1 and C2- Samples B1 and B2 crushed with a sledgehammer Notice: paper debris from raw sample (shown on right)

Debris Removed Cleaned Glass Crushed Glass PHASE 1

PHASE 1 Sieve Analysis

PHASE 1 ⅜’ Sieve No Size (mm) 9.51 #4 4.76 #16 1.19 #50 0.297 #100 0.149

CLSM Sample Preparation PHASE 1 CLSM Sample Preparation Recycled Glass (instead of Sand) Fly Ash Portland Cement Water

CLSM Compression Testing PHASE 1 CLSM Compression Testing Large Cylinder stable in air, not water Two Small Cylinders unstable and brittle in air No compression testing

Phase 1: Conclusions Stockpiled glass is too “dirty” Sieve analysis suggests IDOT gradation is obtainable Curing Method: Samples cured by sealing them in a plastic bag, but not in water for 28-day strength picture

Phase 2: Future Research Debris- free glass from Cathode Ray Tubes Sieve Analysis Compression Test (28-day strength) Economic viability Relay information with Illinois Ready Mix Concrete Association, companies, Town of Normal, City of Chicago, Illinois Tollway Authority Quantitative and qualitative results→ Potential to draft and get the specifications approved by the authorities

Sources & Acknowledgements Source 1 [ConcreteNetwork.com]. Retrieved from https://static.concretenetwork.com/photo- gallery/images/375x281Exact/site_26/concretenetwork-com_18107.jpg Organizations that contributed in discussions... Town of Normal, Illinois Source 2 [National Clay Pipe Institute]. (2013 Mar 23). CLSM Flowability - 8 inch Spread Diameter. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dKkvi9Yh9s&feature=youtu.be City of Chicago Acknowledgements: Illinois Tollway Authority Companies that donated materials... Ozinga Concrete Midwest Fiber Recycling (glass) VCNA Prairie Materials LaFarge North America (fly ash) Illinois Ready-Mix Concrete Association Prairie Material (cement and aggregate)

Questions?

Thank you