Restorative Dental Instruments Mr. Caputo Unit #1 Lesson #4

Today’s Class Driving Question: What purpose do restorative instruments serve in a dental operatory? Learning Intentions: We will be able to state the names, features, and functions of various dental hand and rotary instruments. Anchor: Explain the purpose that dental examination instruments serve in a dental operatory.

Restorative Instruments Come in wide variety of shapes and sizes Hand cutting instruments are used in preparation of tooth cavities Amalgam restorative instruments consist of condensers, carvers, and burnishers Composite resin placement instruments are designed to be used specifically with composite restorative materials Adjunctive instruments are also necessary

Hand Cutting Instruments Most restorative procedures require use of hand cutting instruments Designed with sharp cutting edges Used for cavity preparation of various teeth in different parts of mouth Cutting or refining instruments include spoon excavators, chisels, hatchets, hoes, and gingival margin trimmers

Spoon Excavators Double-ended instrument with spoon or disc-shaped blade Used primarily to remove debris, decay, and dentin from tooth preparations Tips and sides of spoon excavator are paired and designed for cutting or scooping May also be used to remove temporary crowns or excess temporary and permanent cement

Double-Ended Excavators Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Chisels Also called enamel chisels Used to cleave or split enamel not supported by dentin along lines of enamel rods, and to smooth and sharpen cavity walls Straight chisels have single bevels and straight shanks Bi-angle chisels have two distinct angles – one at shank and one at working end Wedelstaedt chisels have single bevels and curved shanks

The Straight, Wedelstaedt, and Bi-Angle Chisel Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Enamel Hatchets Have single cutting ends or cutting edges on both ends Blades are set at a 45- to 90-degree angle from shank Designed to cleave or cut enamel along lines of enamel rods and to prepare walls and accessible margins of a cavity preparation

Bi-Bevel Hatchet Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Hoes Look like a miniature garden hoe Used with pulling motion to smooth and shape the floor and sides of cavity preparations Blades are set at a 45- to 90-degree angle, almost perpendicular, from their handle Click here for a questions to consider

Questions to Consider To learn more about dental instruments, Why is it required to smooth the walls of the cavity preparation? What would happen if the walls were left uneven? To learn more about dental instruments, click here or go to http://www.sweethaven.com/sweethaven/MedTech/ Dental/DentSetups/default.asp

Hoe Dental Hand Instrument Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Gingival Margin Trimmers Modified hatchets that have working ends with opposite curvatures and bevels Used to trim, smooth, and shape the gingival floor of a cavity preparation in order to aid in retention of restoration Available in double-ended styles and used in pairs Working end of an even-numbered instrument is beveled for use on the distal surface of a restorative preparation, while odd-numbered end is angled for use on medial surface

Gingival Margin Trimmer Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Sharpening Hand Cutting Instruments Edge of blade must be kept at proper angle while sharpened May be done manually with flat Arkansas sharpening stone or aluminum oxide stone, or by cylindrical stones mounted on a slow-speed handpiece or lathe Sharpening stone must be well lubricated with honing oil Safety glasses must be worn

Amalgam Carriers Transport freshly prepared amalgam restorative material to cavity preparation Have hollow working ends, called barrels, into which amalgam is packed for transportation Both single- and double-ended carriers are available, with various barrel sizes When lever at the top of carrier is depressed, amalgam is ejected into cavity preparation

Double-Ended Amalgam Carrier Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Condensers Also called pluggers Used to condense or pack amalgam filling material into cavity preparation Hammer-like working end is large enough to compress soft amalgam Come in single- and double-ended designs Ends are of various shapes and sizes and may be smooth or serrated

Double-Ended Amalgam Condenser Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Carvers Have sharp cutting edges that are used to shape, form, or cut tooth anatomy into amalgam restorations Interproximal and #1/2 Hollenback carvers are designed for carving in between interproximal tooth surfaces Discoid-Cleoid and Tanner #5 carvers are used on occlusal surfaces Frahm amalgam carver or acorn carver is used to quickly carve basic anatomy on occlusal surfaces

Hollenback Amalgam Carver Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Discoid-Cleoid Amalgam Carver Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Frahm Amalgam Carver Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Burnishers Used to smooth and polish amalgam restoration Also used to remove scratches left on amalgam surface from carving instruments Have smooth, rounded working ends and come in various shapes, including round, egg, football, and flat

Egg and Ball Amalgam Burnisher Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Acorn Amalgam Burnisher Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Plastic Filling Instruments Variety of double-ended instruments Used to transport and place dental cements, temporary filling materials, insulating materials, and pulp-capping materials Working ends range from varying small cylinders to assorted angles and paddle-like shapes Designed to place materials into tooth while they are still in the plastic and pliable stage Most common is the Woodson #2, also called Woodson metal plastic instrument

Composite Resin Instruments Used for condensing and contouring dental composite resin restorative materials Manufactured in anodized aluminum, aluminum titanium-coated stainless steel, or Teflon Available in an assortment of designs and are often similar in design to the metal Woodson #2 Allow for placement of composite materials without composite resin sticking to the instrument Disposable brush is frequently used to apply liquids when etching and bonding is required

Composite Resin Instruments Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Adjunctive Instruments Cement spatulas Gingival retraction cord packing instrument Articulating paper forceps Crown and bridge, or crown and collar, scissors Amalgam well Glass dappen dish

Cement Spatulas Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Crown and Bridge Scissors Courtesy Hu-Friedy

Homework #1 Bring Classroom contract back signed.