Sludge Management Plant overview Presented By : Eng. Sufyan Bataineh Position: Project Manager Employer: Water Authority – Programme Management Unit (PMU) Plant overview Arab Water Week - 2017

Contents: As-Samra WWTP Process Sludge management in As-Samra WWTP Sludge Use after the Dewatering Facility

As-Samra WWTP – Quality Indicators Inflow rate : 367 000 m3 /day Raw Wastewater (influent) Treated Wastewater (Effluent) Jordanian Standard JS 893/2006 Item Concentration (mg/l) BOD5 652 <30 60 COD 1449 <60 150 TSS 551 PH 6-9 TN 130 Grease 30 m3/day <8 8 Nematodes 5 eggs/l <1 eggs/l F-Coliform 108 MPN/100 ml <1000 MPN/100 ml

Process Description

Composition of Raw Sewage 99% 1% WATER MATERIALS 70% 30% ORGANIC INORGANIC 65% Well the competition is mainly between cooling tower make up water and irrigation, as perception problem to use indoors… 25% 10% PROTEINS CARBOHYDRATES FATS GRIT SALTS METALS

Sludge Treatment Thickening Gravidity settling Dissolved Air flotation (DAF) Mechanical, e.g centrifuge Stabilisation Aerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion Alkaline stabilisation Dewatering Filter press Centrifuge Sludge Drying beds Thermal Treatment Heat drying Pyrolysis/Gasification Solar Drying

Energy versus Footprint RCB Rotating Biological contactor SAF Submerged Aerated Filter SBR Sequencing batch reactors MBBR Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor  MBR Membrane bioreactor

Land versus Capacity

Sludge Retention Time Sludge Retention Time (SRT) The SRT is the average retention time of every sludge floc in the system The SRT controls the microbial population in the activated sludge The SRT is difficult to measure, but it can be calculated as: Mass of TSS in the aeration tank/daily sludge production Source: ATV-DVWK-A 131E

Relation between RT and Elimination Settleable Solids Filterable Solids BOD5 and COD Nitrogen Source: ATV-Handbuch, 1997a

Sludge line Primary sludge thickener & GBT Activated sludge floatation Sludge mixing Digestion Dewatering unit (Filter Belt Press) Centrifugal unit Biogas desulfurization Biogas holders Biogas generators Boilers Biogas boosters Waste biogas burner Dewatering lagoons

without final disposal CAPEX vs. OPEX Treatment Charges Fixed (75%) Variable (25%) Volume M3/day BOD5 in (Kg/m3) TSS in (Kg/m3) ~ Water line Capex Sludge line Capex Sludge Management without final disposal (%DS) (15%) Gas line

Sludge Generation, Treatment, and Disposal Influent (raw WW?) Effluent Wastewater Treatment Raw sludge, grit, screenings Sludge Treatment • Gravity thickening • Gravity belt filter • Vacuum filter • Filter press • Anaerobic digestion • Aerobic digestion • Heat treatment • Alkaline stabilization • Composting • Irradiation Sludge Disposal • Land application • Landfill • Energy Recovery

Processing Options After BFP & Solar Drying Landfill Composting Land application Energy recovery Incineration Gasification Cement Industry

Option 1. Landfill Can be stand-alone or back-up to other options Temporary Storage Landfill 30% DS 50% DS Solar Drying Beds 3% DS BFP 18% DS 30% DS Can be stand-alone or back-up to other options Mono-landfill is more suitable for biosolids > 50% DS Cost of achieving >50% should be much cheaper than for additional volume of landfill Low cost Simple Technology Landfills are considered beneficial use because the recovered bio-methane is used for energy generation

Option 2. Composting More appropriate at 30% DS since water is needed Solar Drying Beds 3% DS BFP 18% DS 30% DS Composting Compost for agricultural use More appropriate at 30% DS since water is needed Cannot be a stand alone option but a component of other options Bio solids compost product usually generates a revenue The Site should be adjacent to the treatment plant Marketing effort required High Capital cost Medium Technology Policy required

Option 3. Land Application Agriculture 25% Solar Drying Beds Temporary Storage Rangeland/ Badia 25% 3% DS BFP 18% DS 30% DS 50% DS Others 50% Agriculture and rangeland could use 50% of the produced biosolids Construct concrete pad in storage area to avoid compromising quality during turning and loading Requires tipping fee for land application Policy JS1145 Transportation !!!!

Energy recovery Option 4a. Mono-Incineration Incineration Ash Solar Drying Beds 30% - 50% DS Temporary Storage 3% DS BFP 18% DS > 50% DS Heat value of digested biosolids per RSS is 3,624 Cal/g (6,500 BTU/lb) Very High capital cost Waste incinerators are hands-down the most expensive technology for generating electricity. DS > 50% to be sufficient.  pre-drying of the sludge and pre-heating of the combustion air may be necessary. Facility should be located adjacent to WWTP 17

Energy recovery Option 4b. Gasification Gasification Ash Solar Drying Beds Greenhouse or Windrow Drying 3% DS BFP 18% DS 30% DS >75% DS Similar to mono-incineration, but gasification instead of incineration Requires >75% DS, If temporary storage can’t achieve consistent >75%, additional drying facility required. Less established technology than incineration Emission quality better than for incineration After energy content testing, can estimate energy recovery potential Facility should be located adjacent to WWTP

Energy Recovery Conclusions Risky investment. High investment not financially competitive. Not Safe or pollution-free. Cannot co-exist with Zero Waste. Not climate-friendly. Not renewable energy. Not generate significant electricity, nationally or locally.

Option 6. Cement Industry Solar Drying Beds Temporary Storage 3% DS BFP 18% DS 30% DS >75% DS Cement Factory Can be used in cement factories Must agree to accept biosolids based on heating value Al Rajhi requires >75% DS and uniform size If temporary storage can’t achieve >75%, additional drying facility is required Energy recovery value and carbon credit can be sent to cement companies Minimum capital investment. Fatwa!!!!

Conclusion land fill is the best option up to date due the following reasons: Can be a stand alone option. Max 50% DS required. Heat value is not an issue. No marketing effort is required Low investment Low risk No required policies or standards Methane source

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