Objective:Analyze the Function of the skeletal system 5.02

Functions…. The Human Body has 206 bones. Support body and provides shape. Protects internal organs. Movement and anchorage of muscles- Abduction and adduction Circumduction and rotation Flexion and extension Pronation and supination Mineral Storage (calcium and phosphorus) Hemopoiesis- 1. White cells made in yellow marrow 2. Red cells made in red marrow

Objective: Explain the structure of the bones 5.01

An Osteocyte is a bone cell Periosteum tough covering of the long bones containing blood vessels and nerves. Bone Formation: Embryo skeletal starts as osteoblasts (primative embryonic cells) – then change to cartilage. At 8 weeks, OSSIFICATION begins. (Mineral matter begins to replace cartilage) infant bones soft because ossification not complete at birth. Fontanel – Soft spot on baby’s head

Structure of Long Bone Diaphysis – Shaft Epiphyses – ends Periosteum – tough covering of long bones, contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves Diaphysis – Shaft Epiphyses – ends Medullary Cavity – Center of shaft, filled with yellow bone marrow, which is mostly fat cells, also cells that form white blood cells. Endosteum – lines marrow cavity Shaft is made of Compact bone – ends are spongy Bone, Ends contain red marrow where red blood cells are made.

Long Bone

Axial & Appendicular Skeleton Axial – skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, hyoid Appendicular – shoulder girdle, arms, pelvis, legs

Skull 1 frontal 2 Parietal 2 Temporal 1 Occipital 2 Ethmoid 2 Sphenoid

Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Ethmoid Bone → Temporal Bone Sphenoid Bone→ Occipital Bone

Skull 2 nasal 1 vomer 2 maxilla 2 lacrimal 2 zygomatic 2 palatine 1 mandible

Spine – Vertebral Column Encloses the spinal cord Vertebrae – separated by pads of cartilage=intervertebral discs 1. Cervical vertebrae (7)B 2. Thoracic vertebrae (12)L 3. Lumbar vertebrae (5)S 4. Sacrum-fused 5. Coccyx-fused *You eat breakfast at 7 am you eat lunch at 12 noon and supper at 5!

Ribs and Sternum Sternum divided into 3 parts-bottom tip is xiphoid process 12 pairs of ribs-first 7 are true ribs-connected to sternum by cartilage Next 3 are false ribs-cartilage connects them to 7th rib (not sternum) Next 2 are floating

Appendicular Skeleton Clavicle- collar bone Scapula- shoulder blade Humerus-upper arm Radius and ulna-lower arm Carpals-wrist bones Metacarpals-hand bones Phalanges-fingers Pelvis-3 bones(ilium, ischium, and pubis Femur-upper leg, longest and strongest bones in body Tibia and fibula-lower leg Patella-kneecap Tarsal bones-ankle Calcaneus-heel bone Metatarsals-foot bones

Joints….are points of contact between 2 bones classified according to movement Synovial Fluid – lubricating substance in joints.

Joints….Suture immovable joint in skull Ball and Socket Joint Hinge Joints Pivot Joint Gliding Joints Bone with ball shaped head fits into concave socket Example: shoulder and hip. Move in one direction or plane. Example: Knees, elbows, outer joints of fingers. Rotate on a 2nd, arch shaped bone. Example: Radius and ulna Flat surfaces glide across each other. Example: Vertebrae of spine.

Types of Motion…turn to page 83…. Flexion Is the act of bringing two bones closer together which decrease the angle between two bones. Extension Is the act of increasing the angle between two bones which results in a straightening motion. Abduction Is the movement of an extremity away from the midline . Adduction Is movement toward the midline. Circumduction Includes flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Rotation Movement allows a bone to move around one central axis.

Types of motion… Supination- The palm is forward or upward. Pronation- the forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward or backward. Supination- The palm is forward or upward. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/health-human-body-sci/

Test your gray matter… What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side of the hand? Patella, Tibia, Radius, ulna Which of the following is NOT classified as a cranial bone? Parietal, Sternum, Occipital, Temporal The medical term for the finger bones is: Carpals, Tarsals, Phalanges, Ulnas The medical term for the knee-cap is the: Patella, Calcaneous, Tarsals, Tibia crest The outer covering of the bone is the: Cartilage, Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Periosteum The largest bone in the body is the; Femur, Scapula, Pelvis, Sternum Another name for the breast bone is the: Scapula, Ulna, Sternum, Xiphoid process The shaft of a long bone is called the: Medulla, Epiphysis, Periosteum, Diaphysis Bones of the skull, spine and chest make up the: Appendicular skeleton, Axial skeleton, Dorsal skeleton, Ventral Skeleton

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvis Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvis? Coccyx, Ischium, Ilium, Pubis The fluid that reduces the friction during joint movement is: Bursa fluid, Pleural fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Synovial fluid The process of blood cell information in the red bone marrow of bones is called: Erythrocytopenia, Hemopoiesis, Hemolysis, Leukoblastosis Dense bone is called compact bone and porous bone is called? Bone marrow, Spongy bone, Cartilage, Soft bone One function of the skeletal system is the storage of: Calcium, Iron, Chloride, Oxygen Bones are composed of microscopic cells called: Dendrites, Osteoclasts, Leukocytes, Osteocytes Chewing involves the use of which moveable skull bone? Maxilla, Zygomatic, Mandible, Parietal The areas where cranial bones join together to form immovable joints are called: Cranial seal, Sutures, Foramen, Fontanels What type of joint allows the greatest freedom of movement? Ball and socket joints ,Pivot joints, hinge joints, Gliding joints

Test your gray matter… If your move from a sitting to a standing position, what type of joint movement occurs at the knee? Flexion, Abduction, Extension, Adduction What type of movement occurs when you turn your head from side to side to say “no”? Circumduction, Supination, Pronation, Rotation

That’s all……