How similar and different was the growth of large societies in different world zones? A comparison of the Americas to Afroeurasia A Look at Teotihuacan and Cahokia and Unit Review Unit 6 Lesson 8

Reviewing the global patterns of Afroeurasia in Era 4

Cultural exchange had many aspects. Population increased and people migrated. Trade networks expanded and cities grew. Huge empires brought many different groups of people together. People shared ideas across regions. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

But it was still growing at this point… even if a bit slower! Population The population of the Americas was much smaller than the population of Afroeurasia. But it was still growing at this point… even if a bit slower! Turn and Talk: Why do you think the population in Afroeurasia was bigger? What did food have to do with it? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia. Population Vikings Mongols Germanic Tribes Stop and Jot: What were some of the reasons that people were migrating? What were they looking for? Turkic Groups Chinese Arabs Bantu-Speaking People of Africa People of Oceania People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Empires New ruling groups built on the foundations of earlier states and empires. Turn and Talk: What are some examples of newer empires that built on the foundations of earlier empires? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

States and Empires in 600 CE Sui China Silla Parhae Yamoto Japan Harsha’ Empire Chalukya Avar Kingdom Frankish Kingdoms Ghana Axum Sassanid Empire Byzantine Empire States and Empires in 600 CE Turn and Talk: Which empire is the largest? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

States and Empires in 800 CE Ghana Carolingian Byzantine Abbasid Caliphate Axum Gurjara-Pratihara Tang China Srivijaya Parhae Silla Cordoba Caliphate Heian Japan States and Empires in 800 CE Turn and Talk: Which empire is the largest? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

States and Empires in 1237 CE Scandanavian Kingdoms Russia England Poland H.R.E. Mongol Empire France Spain Hungary Rum Koryo Portugal Almohad Caliphate Sung China Kamakura Japan Ayyubid Caliphate Delhi Sultanate Mali Angkor Ethiopia Oyo Benin Zimbabwe States and Empires in 1237 CE Turn and Talk: Which empire is the largest? So what changes from 600 to 1200? What is the pattern? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Buddhism Hinduism Islam Christianity Ideas The Spread of Religions from 300-1500 CE (Focusing on religions with the greatest number of followers) http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Who spread these religions across Afroeurasia? Ideas Who spread these religions across Afroeurasia? Monks spread Buddhism. Traders and Sufi orders spread Islam. Missionaries spread Christianity. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Stop and Jot to answer this question. Ideas Stop and Jot to answer this question. How did the spread of religion encourage cultural exchange in Afroeurasia? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Ideas Religion gave members a sense of community beyond political, class, or ethnic identities. Religious scholars gathered and recorded knowledge and founded institutions of learning. The spread of religions stimulated production and exchange of arts, literature, philosophy, and the sciences. How did the spread of religion encourage cultural exchange in Afroeurasia? http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan

Interactions 600 to 1450 CE Turn & Talk: Study and discuss this map with a partner and then jot down 3 of your most meaningful observations. https://freeman-pedia.wikispaces.com/Regional+and+Transregional+Interactions+(600+CE+to+1450+CE)

Interactions 600 to 1450 CE Turn and talk: 1. What was happening in the Americas between 500 and 1000 CE? 2. How did this compare to what was happening in Afroeurasia during the same time period? https://freeman-pedia.wikispaces.com/Regional+and+Transregional+Interactions+(600+CE+to+1450+CE)

http://commons. wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teotihuacan_-_Pyramid_of_the_Sun.jpg Turn & Talk: What do you see in this photograph? Where do you think this is located? What kind of special tools or skills would be needed to build the structures you see?

Monks Mound, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monks_Mound_Cahokia_3978a.jpg Turn and talk: What do you see in this photograph? Where do you think it is located? What do you think was the purpose of the mound?

English: An illustration of an avian themed Mississippian culture incised sandstone tablet with an S.E.C.C. "Birdman". The tablet was found in 1971 during excavations into the east side of Monks Mound at Cahokia. It measures approximately 4 inches (10 cm) in height.[1][2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cahokia_Birdman_tablet_HRoe_2012.jpg http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cahokia/cahokia-3.jpg Turn and talk: What insights into a civilization might the artifact (left) and rendering of the community (right) give us?

Teotihuacan & Cahokia We are going to explore TWO different civilizations in the Americas that existed during Era 4: Teotihuacan (located in modern day Mexico) and Cahokia (located in modern day Illinois). We will use various sources to explore these civilizations. Please use the graphic organizer to keep track of the information and your thinking.

Comparing Societies in Different World Zones

Teotihuacan http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?SID=1&InputText=%22Teotihuacan%22&OrderFields=Teotihuacan|Teotihuacan&SubmitQuery=1&AncientData=Set http://pixabay.com/p-32299/?no_redirect

TEOTIHUACAN: Introduction Located about 30 miles northeast of modern-day Mexico City, Teotihuacan was one of the largest urban centers in the ancient world. No one knows who built it. The city flourished between 2,100 years ago, when construction began, and about 1,400 years ago, when it went into a period of decline, including a fire that caused great damage. However, even with the decline, the city was never truly “lost” — the Aztecs made regular pilgrimages to the site in later periods. What the city’s own inhabitants called the city and its structures is unknown. The current name, Teotihuacan, was given to it by the Aztecs and means “the place where the gods were created.” At its zenith, Teotihuacan encompassed an urban core of about 8 square miles with a population estimated at more than 100,000 people. Its influence was felt throughout central Mexico and as far south as Guatemala http://www.livescience.com/22545-teotihuacan.html

TEOTIHUACAN: 5 min BBC clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oWOk8Rtv-Y Remember to record relevant information in your graphic organizer.

Cahokia (present-day Illinois) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mississippiancultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg

CAHOKIA Welcome to the city of Cahokia, population 15,000. North America was dotted in those days with villages, strung together by a loose web of commerce. An Indian trader paddling down the Mississippi River during the city's heyday between 1000 CE and 1150 CE couldn't have missed it. Cahokia was the largest city ever built north of Mexico before Columbus and boasted 120 earthen mounds. Many were massive, square-bottomed, flat-topped pyramids -- great pedestals atop which civic leaders lived. At the vast plaza in the city's center rose the largest earthwork in the Americas, the 100-foot Monks Mound. Around the great urban center, farmers grew crops to feed the city-dwellers, who included not only government officials and religious leaders but also skilled trades workers, artisans and even astronomers. The city was the center of a trading network linked to other societies over much of North America. Cahokia was, in short, one of the most advanced civilizations in ancient America. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/march/12/cahokia.htm

Cahokia clip, 14 minutes As you watch the following clip, pay attention to information that can help you fill out your graphic organizer. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dp1CViqb5Y

Cultural exchange had many aspects. Population increased and people migrated. Trade networks expanded and cities grew. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/eras/era5.php#pan Huge empires brought many different groups of people together. People shared ideas across regions. Turn and Talk: Did Cahokia and Teotihuacan fit into this pattern? Were these patterns also present in the Americas?

More about Teotihuacan and Cahokia Article 1: “Who Built the Great City of Teotihuacan?” By Kelly Hearn http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/teotihuacan-/# Article 2: “America’s Forgotten City” by Glenn Hodges http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2011/01/cahokia/hodges-text

Four Corners Activity For each statement, move to the corner of the room (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree) that best describes either the best answer or your opinion. Discuss with your small group, and choose a representative to share your thinking with the class. As each group shares, feel free to move to another corner if your thinking changes.

Statement 1A Teotihuacan was finally completely excavated by archaeologists in the last 10 years.

Statement 1A, answer No—Only about 5% of the site has been scientifically excavated to date (BBC video claims 16% has been excavated). In either case, the reason Teotihuacan has not been completely excavated has been due to a lack of funding for the excavation project.

Statement 1B We should put money into professionally excavating archaeological sites like Teotihuacan.

We know why Teotihuacan collapsed. Statement 2A We know why Teotihuacan collapsed.

No—there are varying theories on the question, but nothing conclusive. Statement 2A, answer No—there are varying theories on the question, but nothing conclusive.

Statement 2B It is more important to study why Teotihuacan lasted so long, as opposed to why it ended.

Statement 3A Cahokia consisted of a community of pastoral nomads in North America, leaving hardly any artifacts behind.

Statement 3A, answer No—Cahokia was a settled, agricultural community in North America. Cahokia provides the largest archaeological site north of Mexico.

Statement 3B Archaeological sites like Cahokia should be allowed to be developed by private interests like casinos, retailers and housing developers if that is what the local people would like.

Statement 4A Archaeologists have found evidence of human sacrifice at the Cahokia site.

Statement 4A, answer Yes, in “Mound 72” they found remains of 53 women and 5 men that suggest human sacrifice.

Statement 5 It is easy to account for the similarities between civilizations in the Americans and Afroeurasia during this time period (500 CE-1000 CE) because they were trading with each other across the Atlantic Ocean.

Statement 5, answer No—although there was contact with the Vikings, extenstive trade did not occur between the Western Hemisphere (the Americas) and Eastern Hemisphere (Afroeurasia) did not occur until after 1492 CE.

Pair-share Question Find a partner near you and discuss the following question (be prepared to share your thoughts with the class): How do you account for (explain) any of the similarities in patterns seen in these different world zones (Eastern and Western Hemispheres) before extensive trade began (after 1492)?

Property of Oakland Schools Authors: Stacie Woodward and Darin Stockdill Editor: Amy Bloom Academic Review: Ian Moyer